Socio-Tech Futures Lab (STuF Lab)

Dr Marcus Carter and Dr Fiona Martin (2020)

Professor Heather Horst and Dr Marcus Carter (2019)

Professor Gerard Goggin and Professor Heather Horst (2018)

Dr Olga Boichak

Dr Chris Chesher

Associate Professor Tim Dwyer

Dr Mitchell Hobbs

Dr Justine Humphry

Dr Jonathon Hutchinson

Dr Mark Johnson

Dr Alana Mann

Dr Fiona Martin

Dr Jolynna Sinanan

This project foregrounds social change introduced by the adoption of apps and smart connected devices in religious rituals and practices across Australia. This is particularly salient in the contemporary covid-19 context, which predicates a complete shift from in-person to virtual participation in regular religious congregations and rituals. Moreover, pervasive automation and gamification of daily routines creates new dependencies on software while affording unprecedented levels of data collection about its users. For these reasons, understanding the design elements, uses, and ecosystems of mobile technologies for religion aims to trace and document the change in religious practices among faith communities in Australia, identifying potential benefits and concerns. 

Project team:

Dr Olga Boichak (Chief Investigator), Dr Diana Chester, Dr Mark Johnson, Dr Frances Di Lauro

Algorithms are powerful forces in the mediation of everyday life. In concert with social dynamics and information logics, algorithms determine what we see and read, what we come to know about the world, and how we make decisions that affect our social and political life. The algorithmic systems that mediate our access to news and information on the internet are, however, largely obscured from public view – either because they are proprietary or because their effects in the world are determined by the complex social and economic forces to which they are indelibly linked. This makes critical analysis difficult, albeit impossible, using traditional research methods. This project continues to pilot research projects that investigate the algorithmic mediation of online news flows through the development of new digital methods inspired by human-computer interaction.

• Project Team: Dr Jonathon Hutchinson, The University of Sydney; Dr Heather Ford, UNSW
• Partner: Australian Broadcasting Corporation

This research analyses the uses of algorithms, or “bots”, for public lobbying campaigns, including for controversial policies and projects that militate against clear public interests. Industries selling risk-related commodities often suffer from a “legitimacy gap” that emerges from a divergence between what an organisation does and what the public expects of their activities. In response, organisations can turn to a rhetorical approach to issues management that seeks to defend them by attacking critical voices or by winning specific arguments in the marketplace of ideas. Over the past few years, such campaigns have increasingly moved from the mass media to social media in the pursuit of organisational goals. This research seeks to identify and analyse the alleged armies of bots campaigning for controversial industries, especially those associated with large-scale carbon pollution and tobacco commodities.

• Project team: Dr Mitchell J Hobbs

This project addresses three interlinked questions:

• What constitutes hate speech in different jurisdictions in the Asia-Pacific region?
• How well are Facebook’s policies and procedures positioned to identify and regulate this
  type of content?
• How can we understand the spread of hate speech in this region, with a view to formulating better policies to address it?

This study will audit the forms of online hate speech regulation in the Asian region, and map these against the definitions, policy and procedures used by Facebook to identify and moderate this harmful content, as well as alternative processes suggested by recent literature on content moderation to investigate the adequacy of Facebook’s hate speech definitions, examples and content regulation procedures. The researchers will then map examples of hate speech networks in Asia-Pacific countries, in order to understand how Facebook may adjust its policies and procedures to better respond to this problem.The project will help Facebook to identify linguistically and culturally specific forms of hate speech in the Asian region, and improve its policy globally by suggesting improvements to definitions of, and responses to, hate speech. We will also produce maps of hate speech networks and factors in message spread, enabling faster action to remove hate speech and suspend perpetrating accounts.

• Project team: Kath Gelber, The University of Queensland; Dr Fiona Martin, The University of Sydney; Dr Aim Sinpeng, The University of Sydney; Kirril Shields, The University of Queensland
• Partner: Facebook.

Fashion and design have always embraced new technologies. This has historically included enhancing the production process with new machines that speed up and enable greater possibilities for mass consumption, as well as recent innovations in fibres and other smart technologies that enable contemporary values such as sustainable fashion to take hold. However, the act of creativity and defining ‘style’ has largely remained the domain of ‘the human’ who imagines, inspires and is inspired by people, ideas, places and other realms. This project focuses upon the ways in which artificial intelligence and new forms of automation that draw upon large data sets are intersecting with decisions (automated decision making) in the realms of fashion and design. Drawing upon qualitative research with designers and consumers, we'll focus upon perceptions and practices of creating style and fashion through, among other technologies, a comparative study of the use of a new fashion technology with women in four national settings. Through its focus on the role of technologies in determining what to (or what not to) wear, we'll explore how emerging technologies are shaping notions such as fashion, style and design for producers and consumers of fashion and clothing.

• Investigators: Professor Heather Horst, The University of Sydney; Dr Sheba Mohammid, Indie Consultants; Cherry Baylois

This project provides insights on automated media and the creation of so-called informed publics across social media. We aim to generate new knowledge about platforms such as YouTube and Instagram that privilege influential user content which can sway important public-issue conversations. Expected outcomes include new insights into social-media influencers, knowledge of automated media driven by algorithms, and an operational framework for media organisations engaging with automated media (especially public service media). Drawing on human-computer interactions and the social sciences, we aim to develop digital media tools to assess the social value of automated media beyond vanity metrics (likes and followers) to facilitate informed conversations between citizens.

• Project Team: Dr Jonathon Hutchinson, The University of Sydney; Dr Cornelius Puschmann, Hans Bredow Institute; Dr Jan Schmidt, Hans Bredow Institute; Dr Jannick Sørrensen, Aalborg University

Virtual and Augmented Reality technologies are increasingly finding foothold in culture and society. As these technologies proliferate in areas like entertainment, work, health and communication, it is important that we are equipped to critically examine both their benefits and their drawbacks. This project critically interrogates the perceived benefits of these emerging ‘Mixed Reality’ technologies, as well as associated risks and ambiguities. Our primary concern in this project is in the social and political implications of Mixed Reality as an emerging form of digital sensor.

Project team:

Dr Marcus Carter (Chief Investigator, USYD), Dr Ben Egliston (QUT), Kyle Moore (USYD)

Read Project Report: Ethical Implications of Emerging Mixed Reality Technologies

How can emerging technologies contribute to and facilitate the development of a participatory and inclusive food governance ecosystem? This is a key challenge as cities and partners around the globe aim to co-design, with communities, more innovative policies and approaches that can work to address the deeper, systemic, and more complex causes of food insecurity. These include the affordability and accessibility of fresh and nutritious food, social and economic disadvantage, rising inequality, and economic/social/digital exclusion (IPES-Food 2017: 7–8).

A food business incubator, which assists new food start-ups in vulnerable communities, builds relationships and connections between businesses and their community, and catalyses broader change in food systems. Our US-based partner, FoodLab Detroit, is one of the world’s leaders in the development of the incubator approach to food security. This project brings this innovative food business incubator approach to Australia through the City of Sydney, to involve the public in its design and implementation and to study its impacts on food insecurity. An important element is post-program support, facilitated by social media platforms and other digital infrastructure that connects actors across the food ecosystem.

• Project lead: Dr Alana Mann
• Funding: ARC Linkage Project LP180100076, 2018-2020

Data has become a key part of our everyday social, material and technological environments. It is implicated in how we interpret our environments and our bodies, and in how we conduct our relationships with others. This raises a fundamental question about what it means to live in such a world. The Living with Data project looks at the ways in which we live with data, the ways in which we experience data, and the contested forms of value that data might have in the world, for individuals, families, institutions and organisations. Through fine-grained attention to the ways in which households live with digital materials, this project considers the consequences of data in our everyday lives.

• Project team: Professor Heather Horst; Dr Jolynna Sinanan, Dr Ben Egliston
• Funding: ARC Linkage, Locating the Mobile

This project charts dramatic developments in the way news is produced and consumed online and to account for this in public policy designed to promote media pluralism. We aim to advance knowledge by testing European approaches regarded in the literature as "world’s best" against a series of innovative news practices, including through a big-data approach to collecting media content. Expected outcomes include a shift in public policy reliance on ownership and control to a more nuanced understanding of diversity based on the role of news and comment. Significant social and economic benefits could result from more targeted regulatory interventions and from greater access to news content and wider engagement with public affairs.

• Project team: Associate Professor Timothy Dwyer The University of Sydney; Professor Derek Wilding, UTS; Dr Saba Bebabwi, UTS; Dr Jonathon Hutchinson, The University of Sydney; Dr Kari Kappinen, University of Helsinki
• Partner: European Centre for Media Pluralism and Freedom
• Funding: ARC Discovery Project

The increasing integration of robotic technologies into everyday life has recently received attention by scholars in anthropology, media studies, cultural studies, social robotics and cultural robotics. Approaches in these disciplines examine the relationships between the fantastic representations of robots and artificial intelligence (AI) in popular culture, the everyday experiences of robotic technologies, and the institutionalised contexts of robot design, engineering and marketing. This project, based on a collaboration with the University's Centre for Robotics and Intelligent Systems in the Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, brings together researchers in science and technology studies, robotics, business and digital cultures at the University of Sydney to consider emerging meanings, associations and practices within the social construction of robotic and AI technologies in the context of everyday adoption and adaptation.

• Project Team: Dr Naoko Abe, Chief Investigator, The University of Sydney; Dr Chris Chesher, The University of Sydney; Dr Justine Humphry, The University of Sydney; Dr Jolynna Sinanan, The University of Sydney; Professor Kai Reimer, The University of Sydney; Mike Seymour, The University of Sydney; Dr Fiona Andreallo, The University of Sydney; Arisa Ema

This project investigates the regulatory and policy implications of understanding global digital communication platforms as media companies. Responding to ongoing public concern about how these companies manage online networking and social media, this project will explore regulatory approaches to mediating abusive, offensive, defamatory and potentially illegal digital content. It will develop detailed recommendations for reform based on international case studies, enabling media policymakers to more effectively regulate digital media platforms to better align with contemporary public interest rationales.

• Project Team: Terry Flew, Project Leader, QUT; Dr Fiona Martin, Chief Investigator, The University of Sydney; Associate Professor Tim Dwyer, Chief Investigor, The University of Sydney; Nic Suzor, QUT; Philip Napoli, Duke University; Josef Trappel, Salzburg (based at QUT)
• Research Partner: Australian Community Managers Network
• Funding: ARC Discovery Project

Technological systems have persistently been interpreted as evil, yet rarely if ever, have they been situated within millennia of religious thinking about good and evil. This project develops a historicised approach for understanding human evaluations of and interactions with large technological systems beyond human control. Combining our expertise in early modern intellectual history, anthropology and science and technology studies, we will examine the ways in which notions of good and evil and more specifically, demonic understandings are inherent to the navigation of technological systems. We expect to contribute to discussions concerning the agency of technological systems in science and technology studies, but also to provide an intervention in digital media studies and debates on artificial intelligence, machine learning and the internet of things. 

Project team: Dr Jolynna Sinanan, The University of Sydney, Dr Gerhard Wiesenfeldt, The University of Melbourne, Dr Roger Norum, The University of Siegen

Smart cities are starting to materialise in urban environments, unevenly and in various forms. The placement of sensors, chargers, digital screens and wi-fi points in streetscapes and objects interacts with people’s relationships to the urban environment, to one another and to services accessed in daily life. Part media, part furniture – these hybrids are thoroughly interconnected with the city itself. This project builds on preliminary research investigating the social, design and governance implications of smart street furniture. Through a series of cross-institution and multidisciplinary workshops and research case studies (smart benches in London and InLinks in Glasgow), we will scope, research and historically contextualise smart street furniture to understand whether and how these depart from and challenge values, uses and governance frameworks of pre-existing urban forms, remaking publics and cities in the process.

Read more about this project.

• Project Team: Justine Humphry, Chief Investigator, The University of Sydney; Bridgette Wessels, Chief Investigator, University of Glasgow; Dr Sophia Maalsen, Collaborator, The University of Sydney; Dr Chris Chesher, Collaborator, The University of Sydney; Professor Robyn Dowling, Adviser, The University of Sydney; Professor Heather Horst, Adviser, The Univesrity of Sydney; Professor Gerard Goggin, Adviser and Collaborator, The University of Sydney; Peter Merrington, Collaborator, University of Glasgow; Justine Gangneux, Collaborator; Simon Joss, Collaborator; Matthew Hanchard, Collaborator

Read the Project Report: Smart Publics: Public Perceptions of Smart Street Furniture in London and Glasgow

The increasing online abuse of women journalists not only causes them psychological and physical harms, but can result in loss of income and employment, loss of speech freedoms and reduced participation in society. Women often don’t report digital threats or abuse for fear of public shaming, professional backlash or loss of work, or due to distrust of judicial processes. Most media organisations are not equipped to deal with gendered digital attacks and lack policies to address them. This project seeks to understand and counter online abuse of women journalists across various countries in the Asian region by tracking, documenting and analysing the gendered violence women journalists experience; explore the political, social and cultural origins of this abuse and the platform affordances that make it possible; and develop culturally relevant strategies to address it.

• Project Team: Dr Fiona Martin, Chief Investigaor, The University of Sydney; Colleen Murrell, Swinburne University; Andrea Baker, Monash University; Cait McMahon, DART Asia Pacific; Lynda Garcia, Miriam College
• Research partners: International Association of Women in Radio and Television, Asian Broadcasting Union

Taking an approach that prioritises shared responsibility for users’ safety and social belonging, the project identifies areas where Facebook can support cooperative efforts through platform design and  governance measures. This project will also develop an understanding of whether and how digital literacies and capacities around safe online use can help support those groups who are more prone to online attacks, harassment and misinformation, and the negative consequences of disengagement. 

Project team:

Dr Jonathon Hutchinson (Chief Investigator), Dr Justine Humphry, Dr Olga Boichak

The VR Interactive Community Mosque project uses virtual reality modelling to recreate the interior of the Moslem Mosque Inc, the oldest mosque in the United States, in order to explore how the building and objects in it gain a new life online. We aim to understand how the geographically scattered minority Lipka Tatar community curates their own cultural heritage, as a case study for understanding how virtual reality lends itself to curatorial and cultural heritage projects. We want to understand how people make sense of their own cultural objects and ephemera in a VR environment, and how to develop a VR space and objects to allow a community to manipulate, organise, and catalogue their heritage in ways that are intuitive and connected to their history and community. Within the virtual space, the members of the mosque community can take part in collectively remembering and documenting the community’s cultural heritage through story telling, document sharing, object identification and constructing museum like viewing spaces within the virtual mosque. The project is tied to a larger digitisation project of 5000+ objects from the Moslem Mosque Inc.

• Project team: Dr Diana Chester, The University of Sydney; Dr Christopher Moore, The University of Wollongong; Michael Organ, The University of Wollongong Library

• Friday 1 November: Creativity and automated decision-making, featuring Professor Heather Horst and Kazjon Grace, The University of Sydney
• Thursday 10 October: Darwin's Animoji: Histories of animation and racism in facial recognition, featuring Luke Stark, Microsoft Research. Find out more.
• Monday 30 September: Association of Internet Researchers pre-conference event: Data Futures, co-hosted by: STuF Lab at the University of Sydney; Media Futures Lab at UNSW. Find out more.
• Friday 6 September: Colonising the public? Smart street furniture and the techno-politics of urban media, featuring Justine Humphry, Jathan Sadowski, Chris Chesher, Sophia Maalsen, The University of Sydney. Find out more.
• Wednesday 28 August 2019: AI and ethics: Why all the fuss? Featuring Toby Walsh, University of NSW. Find out more.
• Tuesday 20 August 2019: SWARM Symposium 2019: Platform governance for safer communities. Find out more.
• Friday 2 August 2019: #Everest: Mobile media and mobile livelihoods in the Mt Everest tourism industry, featuring Dr Jolynna Sinanan, The University of Sydney. Find out more.
• Friday 14 June 2019: How pet scenarios can disrupt energy futures, featuring Yolande Strengers, Monash University. Find out more.
• Tues 11 June – Weds 12 June 2019: Beyond anthropomorphism: Rethinking human-machine relations in robotics and AI. Find out more.
• Friday 10 May 2019: Automation and social and disability services. Featuring: Professor Gerard Goggin, The University of Sydney
• Friday 29 March 2019: De/Reconstructing home: Notions of home and homelessness in times of mobile media, featuring Professor Maren Hartmann, University of Arts, Berlin
• Friday 15 March 2019: Automated decision making in society, Professor Julian Thomas, RMIT University
• Thursday 7 March 2019: Digital rights in an age of surveillance AI, panel with Professor Melvin Chen, Nanyang Technological University; Dr Theresa Züger, Humboldt University; and Karaitiana Tairu, Christchurch

• Monday 22 October 2018: Design ethics and the age of conversational AI, panel with Professor Nick Enfield; Professor Rafael Calvo; Professor Jean-Claude Martin; and Professor Virginia Dignum
• Tuesday 13 July 2018: Custodians of the internet: Platforms, content moderation, and the hidden decisions that shape social media, Dr Tarleton Gillespie, Microsoft Research
• Friday 5 October 2018: Digital housekeeping: Living with data, Professor Heather Horst, The University of Sydney; and Jolynna Sinanan, The University of Sydney (part of the Gender and Cultural Studies Seminar Series)
• Friday 12 October 2018: Political participation on social, civic and computer networks, Francesco Bailo, The University of Sydney

The Socio-Tech Futures Lab is coordinating an interdisciplinary higher degree research discussion group. Open to University of Sydney honours and postgraduate students, the group discusses works in progress on related topics and connects students with vising scholars for masterclasses, mentorship and research collaborations.

If you would like to be added to the STuF Discussion Group mailing list, please contact: marcus.carter@sydney.edu.au

We are currently recruiting PhD students interested in conducting projects on:

• Artificial Intelligence
• Machine Vision
• Augmented and Virtual Realities
• Recommendation Systems and Data

The specific nature of these projects will be developed in consultation with the prospective student and identified supervisor(s). Prospective candidates are not required to have advanced technical literacy in their chosen topic area, although – depending upon the project – an openness to learning these is always welcome.

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Hobbs, M., Della Bosca, H., Schlosberg, D., Sun, C. (2020). Turf Wars: Using Social Media Network Analysis to Examine the Suspected Astroturfing Campaign for the Adani Carmichael Coal Mine on Twitter. Journal of Public Affairs. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pa.2057

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Brevini, B. (2017). Metadata Laws, Journalism and Resistance in Australia. Media and Communications, 5(1), 76 – 83. 

Brevini, B. (2017). WikiLeaks: Between disclosure and whistle‐blowing in digital times. Sociology Compass, 11(3), e12457.

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Lentin, A., Humphry, J. (2017). Antiracism Apps: Framing Understandings and Approaches to Antiracism Education and Intervention. Information, Communication and Society, 20(10), 1539-1553. 

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Watermeyer, B., Goggin, G. (2018). Digital Citizenship in the Global South: "Cool Stuff for Other People"? In Brian Watermeyer, Judith McKenzie and Leslie Swartz (Eds.), The Palgrave Handbook of Disability and Citizenship in the Global South, (pp. 167-181). Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. 

Woodcock, J. & Johnson, M. R. (2017). Gamification: What It Is, and How to Fight It. The Sociological Review, 66(3), 542-558.

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Webber, S., Carter, M., Smith, W. & Vetere, F. (2020) Orangutan-Centred Design: Enhancing Co-design with Animals. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (DIS’20). Eindhoven, Netherlands

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Webber, S., Carter, M., Sherwen, S., Smith, W., Joukhadar, Z., & Vetere, F. (2017) Kinecting with Orangutans: Zoo Visitors’ Empathetic Responses to Animals’ Use of Interactive Technology. In Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human-Factors in Computing Systems (CHI’17), ACM Press, 6075-6088.

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Hjorth, L., Pink, S., Horst, H., Kato, F., Zhou, B., Sinanan, J., Ohashi, K. (2020). Locating the Mobile: Understanding Mundane Locative Media Practice in Households. United Kingdom: Palgrave Pivot,

Hjorth, L., Ohashi, K., Sinanan, J., Horst, H., Pink, S., Kato, F., & Zhou, B. (2020). Digital Media Practices in Households: Kinship through Data. Amsterdam University Press.

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Boichak, O. (2019). Geopolitics of reproduction: Investigating technological mediation of maternity tourism on the Russian web. Big Data & Society, 6(2), 1-13

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Hjorth, L., Pink, S., Horst, H. (2018). Being at Home With Privacy: Privacy and Mundane Intimacy Through Same-Sex Locative Media Practices. International Journal of Communication, 12, 1209-1227.

Humphry, J. (2019). 'Digital First': homelessness and data use in an online service environment. Communication Research and Practice, 5(2), 172-187. 

Humphry, J. (2019). Looking for Wi-Fi: youth homelessness and mobile connectivity in the city. Information, Communication and Society. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2019.1670227

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Hutchinson, J., Martin, F., Sinpeng, A. (2017). Chasing ISIS: Network Power, Distributed Ethics and Responsible Social Media Research. In M. Zimmer and K. Kinder-Kurlanda (Eds.), Internet Research Ethics for the Social Age: New Challenges, Cases, and Contexts, (pp. 57-71). New York: Peter Lang Publishing.

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