On 16 October, the University of Sydney’s Southeast Asia Centre hosted His Excellency Dr José Ramos-Horta, President of Timor-Leste, for his address titled Democracy in Turbulent Times.

Reflecting on 24 years since the country's independence and the 51st anniversary of the Balibo Five, the President discussed the lessons Timor-Leste has to offer Australia, Southeast Asia and the wider world as countries navigate an increasingly uncertain and divided political landscape. As Professor Greg Fox, Director of the Southeast Asia Centre, noted: “When democracy is under pressure in many parts of the world, there is no more fitting a voice to remark on democracy in turbulent times and Southeast Asia’s place in the world.”

Tracing Timor-Leste’s journey from resistance to independence and its acceptance into ASEAN, President Ramos-Horta highlighted the country’s progress in democracy, healthcare, education and press freedom, now rated as one of Asia’s most peaceful countries. “Democracy is in Timor-Leste’s DNA,” he said, emphasising the importance of peaceful politics and reconciliation while acknowledging the country’s ongoing challenges, including poverty, child malnutrition and the growing impacts of climate change. The President pointed towards water scarcity and threats to agriculture and the environment as particular areas of environmental concern. 

His Excellency Dr José Ramos-Horta and Vice-Chancellor and President, Professor Mark Scott AO met before the address to discuss Timor-Leste and the University of Sydney’s ongoing partnership, including work to eradicate cervical cancer. With funding from the Australian Government and Minderoo, the Elimination Partnership in the Indo-Pacific for Cervical Cancer is supporting Timor-Leste to increase human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, screening and treatment of cervical cancer.

Professor Scott said: “We are proud of our enduring and strengthening partnership with Timor-Leste, including our work alongside the Australian Government and Minderoo to support the country’s ambitious efforts to eliminate cervical cancer – a powerful reminder of the role universities can play in building a healthier, more prosperous future for our region.”

During his address, President Ramos-Horta drew on Timor-Leste’s experience of reconciliation, highlighting how diplomacy, international law and cooperation can help to resolve conflict. He also reflected on the international community’s repeated failure to prevent wars, questioning the effectiveness of global leadership and calling for greater political courage and empathy.

Recounting a conversation with Pope Francis, President Ramos-Horta spoke candidly about his disappointment in the international community’s repeated failure to prevent conflict. Yet, despite these frustrations, he reaffirmed the importance of continuing to work towards peace. “Amid all this pessimism and dark news, we need to continue to fight for peace,” he said, reminding the audience that even dreams that seem impossible can be realised through courage, determination and peaceful collective action.

The event also featured contributions from University of Sydney academics and a panel discussion with Australia Awards scholars, exploring democracy, regional relationships and Southeast Asia’s role in a changing world.

Watch the President José Ramos-Horta’s address below.