Students will gain insight into energy consumption of building systems and how this is expected to vary considering different building solutions from an engineering design viewpoint in the context of climate change. The Unit of Study is articulated in the following four components. In the initial part of the Unit of Study, students are exposed to the fundamental concepts related to energy and its generation as well as to the current infrastructure supporting its distribution in cities and rural areas. Based on selected case studies that differ for the building typology, basic calculation approaches required for the estimation of the energy consumption of buildings are outlined and applied in the second part of the Unit of Study. In this manner, students will be exposed to an understanding of the expected impact that different structural typologies and construction materials have on the energy performance of a building. The third part of the Unit of Study presents the concepts and design principles of NZEB and how these can be successfully implemented in modern construction from an engineering viewpoint. In the final part of the Unit of Study, students are exposed to latest trends in building technologies and building-to-grid integration techniques aimed at minimising energy consumption and at reducing the likelihood of blackouts as well as peak energy demands. This part provides also insight into strategies adopted for the deployment of smart building systems and how these interact with the energy supply in the context of smart cities. All parts of the Unit of Study will be supported by the presentation of selected case studies.