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Unit outline_

HPSC2101: What Is This Thing Called Science?

Semester 2, 2020 [Normal day] - Camperdown/Darlington, Sydney

(This unit will not be available from 2021) What distinguishes creationism from evolutionary theory, or astrology from astronomy? Can we have good reason to believe that our current scientific theories represent the world "as it really is"? This course critically examines the most important attempts to describe the scientific method, to draw a line dividing science from non-science, and to justify the high status generally accorded to scientific knowledge. Views studied include Karl Popper's idea that scientific theories are falsifiable in principle, Thomas Kuhn's proposal that science consists of a series of paradigms separated by abrupt scientific revolutions, and various claims that science cannot really be distinguished from other approaches to knoweldge. This unit of study also explores contemporary theories of evidence and explanation, the role of values in science, sociological approaches to understanding science, feminist perspectives on science, and the nature of scientific consensus.

Unit details and rules

Academic unit History and Philosophy of Science Academic Operations
Credit points 6
Prerequisites
? 
24 credit points of Junior units of study
Corequisites
? 
None
Prohibitions
? 
HPSC2901 or HPSC1001 or HPSC1901
Assumed knowledge
? 

None

Available to study abroad and exchange students

Yes

Teaching staff

Coordinator Peter Godfrey-Smith, peter.godfrey-smith@sydney.edu.au
Tutor(s) Gemma Smart, gemma.smart@sydney.edu.au
Eamon Little, eamon.little@sydney.edu.au
Alexander Pereira, alexander.pereira@sydney.edu.au
Type Description Weight Due Length
Online task Online exercises
Short online tasks. 8/10 must be completed.
10% Multiple weeks Multiple weeks. ~1hr each to complete.
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO3 LO2
Participation Tutorial participation
Participation during in-class tutorials.
10% Ongoing Weekly. 80% attendance required.
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO3
Assignment Essay 3
Written essay
30% STUVAC
Due date: 27 Nov 2020 at 23:59
2000 words
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO3 LO2
Assignment Essay 1
Short essay.
20% Week 05
Due date: 25 Sep 2020 at 23:59
1000 words
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO3 LO2
Assignment Essay 2
Written essay
30% Week 08
Due date: 23 Oct 2020 at 23:59
2000 words
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO3 LO2

Assessment summary

Detailed information for each assessment can be found on Canvas.

Assessment criteria

The University awards common result grades, set out in the Coursework Policy 2014 (Schedule 1).

As a general guide, a high distinction indicates work of an exceptional standard, a distinction a very high standard, a credit a good standard, and a pass an acceptable standard.

Result name

Mark range

Description

High distinction

85 - 100

Awarded when you demonstrate the learning outcomes for the unit at an exceptional standard, as defined by grade descriptors or exemplars outlined by your faculty or school.

Distinction

75 - 84

Awarded when you demonstrate the learning outcomes for the unit at a very high standard, as defined by grade descriptors or exemplars outlined by your faculty or school.

Credit

65 - 74

Awarded when you demonstrate the learning outcomes for the unit at a good standard, as defined by grade descriptors or exemplars outlined by your faculty or school.

Pass

50 - 64

Awarded when you demonstrate the learning outcomes for the unit at an acceptable standard, as defined by grade descriptors or exemplars outlined by your faculty or school.

Fail

0 - 49

When you don’t meet the learning outcomes of the unit to a satisfactory standard.

For more information see guide to grades.

Late submission

In accordance with University policy, these penalties apply when written work is submitted after 11:59pm on the due date:

  • Deduction of 5% of the maximum mark for each calendar day after the due date.
  • After ten calendar days late, a mark of zero will be awarded.

Academic integrity

The Current Student website provides information on academic integrity and the resources available to all students. The University expects students and staff to act ethically and honestly and will treat all allegations of academic integrity breaches seriously.

We use similarity detection software to detect potential instances of plagiarism or other forms of academic integrity breach. If such matches indicate evidence of plagiarism or other forms of academic integrity breaches, your teacher is required to report your work for further investigation.

Use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and automated writing tools

You may only use generative AI and automated writing tools in assessment tasks if you are permitted to by your unit coordinator. If you do use these tools, you must acknowledge this in your work, either in a footnote or an acknowledgement section. The assessment instructions or unit outline will give guidance of the types of tools that are permitted and how the tools should be used.

Your final submitted work must be your own, original work. You must acknowledge any use of generative AI tools that have been used in the assessment, and any material that forms part of your submission must be appropriately referenced. For guidance on how to acknowledge the use of AI, please refer to the AI in Education Canvas site.

The unapproved use of these tools or unacknowledged use will be considered a breach of the Academic Integrity Policy and penalties may apply.

Studiosity is permitted unless otherwise indicated by the unit coordinator. The use of this service must be acknowledged in your submission as detailed on the Learning Hub’s Canvas page.

Outside assessment tasks, generative AI tools may be used to support your learning. The AI in Education Canvas site contains a number of productive ways that students are using AI to improve their learning.

Simple extensions

If you encounter a problem submitting your work on time, you may be able to apply for an extension of five calendar days through a simple extension.  The application process will be different depending on the type of assessment and extensions cannot be granted for some assessment types like exams.

Special consideration

If exceptional circumstances mean you can’t complete an assessment, you need consideration for a longer period of time, or if you have essential commitments which impact your performance in an assessment, you may be eligible for special consideration or special arrangements.

Special consideration applications will not be affected by a simple extension application.

Using AI responsibly

Co-created with students, AI in Education includes lots of helpful examples of how students use generative AI tools to support their learning. It explains how generative AI works, the different tools available and how to use them responsibly and productively.

WK Topic Learning activity Learning outcomes
Week 01 1. Introduction; 2. What is the philosophy of science? Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3
Week 02 1. The empiricist tradition; 2. The demarcation problem Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3
Week 03 1. More on empiricism; 2. Logical positivism and its relatives Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3
Week 04 1. Empiricism and evidence; 2. Riddles and paradoxes concerning induction Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3
Week 05 1. Falsification, demarcation, and pseudo-science; 2. Popper on testing and scientific change Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3
Week 06 1. Normal science; 2. Crisis and revolution Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3
Week 07 1. Scientific revolutions; 2. Observation and progress Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3
Week 08 1. Research programs (Lakatos and Laudan); 2. The sociology of scientific knowledge Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3
Week 09 1. Science and gender; 2. Values in science Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3
Week 10 Degrees of belief and Bayesianism Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3
Week 11 1. Consensus; 2. Experiment Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3
Week 12 1. Realism; 2. Can we know what the world is really like? Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3

Attendance and class requirements

  • Attendance: Students are assigned a tutorial during the registration process. Attending at least 80% of tutorials is mandatory.
  • Essays: Students must complete all written assessments and quizzes to pass the course.

  • Online Tasks: Students must complete at least 8 online tutorial assessments to pass the course.

Study commitment

Typically, there is a minimum expectation of 1.5-2 hours of student effort per week per credit point for units of study offered over a full semester. For a 6 credit point unit, this equates to roughly 120-150 hours of student effort in total.

Required readings

All readings for this unit can be accessed through the Library eReserve, available on Canvas.

  • Required textbook: Philosophy of Science, the Central Issues, edited by Curd, Cover, and Pincock.
  • Required textbook: Theory and Reality: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Science, Peter Godfrey-Smith,

Learning outcomes are what students know, understand and are able to do on completion of a unit of study. They are aligned with the University's graduate qualities and are assessed as part of the curriculum.

At the completion of this unit, you should be able to:

  • LO1. understand philosophical and historical discussions of science and critically assess arguments in these areas
  • LO2. write clear and well-organized responses to philosophical and historical discussions of science, and develop your own views on these issues
  • LO3. relate general philosophical and historical ideas about science to particular examples of scientific work.

Graduate qualities

The graduate qualities are the qualities and skills that all University of Sydney graduates must demonstrate on successful completion of an award course. As a future Sydney graduate, the set of qualities have been designed to equip you for the contemporary world.

GQ1 Depth of disciplinary expertise

Deep disciplinary expertise is the ability to integrate and rigorously apply knowledge, understanding and skills of a recognised discipline defined by scholarly activity, as well as familiarity with evolving practice of the discipline.

GQ2 Critical thinking and problem solving

Critical thinking and problem solving are the questioning of ideas, evidence and assumptions in order to propose and evaluate hypotheses or alternative arguments before formulating a conclusion or a solution to an identified problem.

GQ3 Oral and written communication

Effective communication, in both oral and written form, is the clear exchange of meaning in a manner that is appropriate to audience and context.

GQ4 Information and digital literacy

Information and digital literacy is the ability to locate, interpret, evaluate, manage, adapt, integrate, create and convey information using appropriate resources, tools and strategies.

GQ5 Inventiveness

Generating novel ideas and solutions.

GQ6 Cultural competence

Cultural Competence is the ability to actively, ethically, respectfully, and successfully engage across and between cultures. In the Australian context, this includes and celebrates Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, knowledge systems, and a mature understanding of contemporary issues.

GQ7 Interdisciplinary effectiveness

Interdisciplinary effectiveness is the integration and synthesis of multiple viewpoints and practices, working effectively across disciplinary boundaries.

GQ8 Integrated professional, ethical, and personal identity

An integrated professional, ethical and personal identity is understanding the interaction between one’s personal and professional selves in an ethical context.

GQ9 Influence

Engaging others in a process, idea or vision.

Outcome map

Learning outcomes Graduate qualities
GQ1 GQ2 GQ3 GQ4 GQ5 GQ6 GQ7 GQ8 GQ9

This section outlines changes made to this unit following staff and student reviews.

- Greater clarity on expectations for participation marks has been provided, including a scale. - An essay marking rubric is being used, and provided to students. - 80% completion requirements for attendance and online assessment completion are stressed in the syllabus and throughout Canvas. - A head tutor has been employed, to encourage consistency across the teaching team.

Work, health and safety

We are governed by the Work Health and Safety Act 2011, Work Health and Safety Regulation 2011 and Codes of Practice. Penalties for non-compliance have increased. Everyone has a responsibility for health and safety at work. The University’s Work Health and Safety policy explains the responsibilities and expectations of workers and others, and the procedures for managing WHS risks associated with University activities.

Disclaimer

The University reserves the right to amend units of study or no longer offer certain units, including where there are low enrolment numbers.

To help you understand common terms that we use at the University, we offer an online glossary.