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Unit of study_

PHIL2622: Reality, Time and Possibility: Metaphysics

Semester 1, 2022 [Normal day] - Camperdown/Darlington, Sydney

This is a unit in metaphysics: the discipline that tells us about the nature of the world. The unit carries on from the Reality component of first year. We engage with questions like: What is time? What is space? What makes something a person? How much change can I undergo and still be me? Are objects four-dimensional space-time worms? Do the past or future exist, and could we travel to them? Are there numbers?

Unit details and rules

Unit code PHIL2622
Academic unit Philosophy
Credit points 6
Prohibitions
? 
PHIL3662
Prerequisites
? 
12 credit points at 1000 level in Philosophy
Corequisites
? 
None
Assumed knowledge
? 

None

Available to study abroad and exchange students

Yes

Teaching staff

Coordinator David Braddon-Mitchell, david.braddon-mitchell@sydney.edu.au
Lecturer(s) David Braddon-Mitchell, david.braddon-mitchell@sydney.edu.au
Type Description Weight Due Length
Small test Short multiple choice quizzes
n/a
22% - n/a
Outcomes assessed: LO1
Assignment Essay
n/a
33% Mid-semester break
Due date: 14 Apr 2022 at 23:59
1400 words
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO8 LO7 LO6 LO5 LO4 LO3 LO2
Assignment Take home exercise
n/a
45% Week 13
Due date: 27 May 2022 at 23:59
2000 words
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7 LO8

Assessment summary

Detailed information for each assessment can be found on Canvas.

Assessment criteria

The University awards common result grades, set out in the Coursework Policy 2014 (Schedule 1).

As a general guide, a High distinction indicates work of an exceptional standard, a Distinction a very high standard, a credit a good standard, and a pass an acceptable standard.

Result name

Mark range

Description

High distinction

85 - 100

Awarded when you demonstrate the learning outcomes for the unit at an exceptional standard, as defined by grade descriptors or exemplars outlined by your faculty or school.

Distinction

75 - 84

Awarded when you demonstrate the learning outcomes for the unit at a very high standard, as defined by grade descriptors or exemplars outlined by your faculty or school.

Credit

65 - 74

Awarded when you demonstrate the learning outcomes for the unit at a good standard, as defined by grade descriptors or exemplars outlined by your faculty or school.

Pass

50 - 64

Awarded when you demonstrate the learning outcomes for the unit at an acceptable standard, as defined by grade descriptors or exemplars outlined by your faculty or school.

Fail

0 - 49

When you don’t meet the learning outcomes of the unit to a satisfactory standard.

For more information see sydney.edu.au/students/guide-to-grades

For more information see guide to grades.

Late submission

In accordance with University policy, these penalties apply when written work is submitted after 11:59pm on the due date:

  • Deduction of 5% of the maximum mark for each calendar day after the due date.
  • After ten calendar days late, a mark of zero will be awarded.

Academic integrity

The Current Student website  provides information on academic integrity and the resources available to all students. The University expects students and staff to act ethically and honestly and will treat all allegations of academic integrity breaches seriously.  

We use similarity detection software to detect potential instances of plagiarism or other forms of academic integrity breach. If such matches indicate evidence of plagiarism or other forms of academic integrity breaches, your teacher is required to report your work for further investigation.

You may only use artificial intelligence and writing assistance tools in assessment tasks if you are permitted to by your unit coordinator, and if you do use them, you must also acknowledge this in your work, either in a footnote or an acknowledgement section.

Studiosity is permitted for postgraduate units unless otherwise indicated by the unit coordinator. The use of this service must be acknowledged in your submission.

Simple extensions

If you encounter a problem submitting your work on time, you may be able to apply for an extension of five calendar days through a simple extension.  The application process will be different depending on the type of assessment and extensions cannot be granted for some assessment types like exams.

Special consideration

If exceptional circumstances mean you can’t complete an assessment, you need consideration for a longer period of time, or if you have essential commitments which impact your performance in an assessment, you may be eligible for special consideration or special arrangements.

Special consideration applications will not be affected by a simple extension application.

Using AI responsibly

Co-created with students, AI in Education includes lots of helpful examples of how students use generative AI tools to support their learning. It explains how generative AI works, the different tools available and how to use them responsibly and productively.

WK Topic Learning activity Learning outcomes
Week 01 Introduction and outline of course Lecture (2 hr) LO1 LO2
Week 02 From the unreality of time to eternalism Lecture (2 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3
Week 03 Presentism and the growing block Lecture (2 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4
Week 04 Branching time and related matters Lecture (2 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6
Week 05 Endurance and perdurance I Lecture (2 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6
Week 06 Perdurance and exdurance Lecture (2 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6
Week 07 Personal identity over time Lecture (2 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6
Week 08 Identity by degrees Lecture (2 hr) LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6
Week 09 Time travel Lecture (2 hr) LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6
Week 10 Possibility and necessity Lecture (2 hr) LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6
Week 11 Counterpart theory and transworld identity Lecture (2 hr) LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6
Week 12 Causation and the laws of nature Lecture (2 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7 LO8
Week 13 Workshop on take home questions Lecture (2 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7 LO8

Attendance and class requirements

  • Attendance: According to Faculty Board Resolutions, students in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences are expected to attend 90% of their classes. If you attend less than 50% of classes, regardless of the reasons, you may be referred to the Examiner’s Board. The Examiner’s Board will decide whether you should pass or fail the unit of study if your attendance falls below this threshold.

  • Lecture recording: Most lectures (in recording-equipped venues) will be recorded and may be made available to students on the LMS. However, you should not rely on lecture recording to substitute your classroom learning experience.

  • Preparation: Students should commit to spend approximately three hours’ preparation time (reading, studying, homework, essays, etc.) for every hour of scheduled instruction.

Study commitment

Typically, there is a minimum expectation of 1.5-2 hours of student effort per week per credit point for units of study offered over a full semester. For a 6 credit point unit, this equates to roughly 120-150 hours of student effort in total.

Required readings

Further Reading

Persistence

Baker, L. R. (1997). "Why Constitution is not Identity.” Journal of Philosophy 94: 599-621.

Balashov, Y. (2000a). “Persistence and Space-time: Philosophical Lessons of the Pole and Barn.” The Monist. 83(3): 321-240.

Doepke, F. (1982). "Spatially Coinciding Objects". Ratio 24: 45-60.

Dowe, P. and Baker, S. (2003). ‘Paradoxes of multi-location’ Analysis 63(2) 106-114.

Haslanger, S. (1989). "Endurance and Temporary Intrinsics. Analysis 49: 119-125.

Heller, M. (1990). The Ontology of Physical Objects: Four Dimensional Hunks of Matter. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Hinchliff, M. (1996). “The puzzle of change.” Philosophical Perspectives 10, Meta- physics 119-133.

Lowe, E.J. (1987). “Lewis on Perdurance Versus Endurance.” Analysis 47: 152-54.

6

7

Lowe, E.J. (1988). “The Problems of Intrinsic Change: Rejoinder to Lewis.” Analysis 48: 72-77.

Lowe, E.J. (1995). "Coinciding Objects: In Defence of the Standard Account". Analysis 55: 171-178.

Miller, K. (2005). ‘The Metaphysical Equivalence of Three and Four Dimensionalism’ Erkenntnis 62 (1) 91-117.

Time and Ontology

Markosian, N. (1994). “The 3D/4D Controversy and Non-Present Objects.” Philosophical Papers 23: 243-49.

McCall, S. (1994). A Model of the Universe: Space-Time, Probability, and Decision. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Merricks, T. (1999). “Persistence, Parts and Presentism.” Nous 33(3): 421-438. Miller, K. (2006). ‘Morality in a Branching Universe’

Disputatio 20(1): 305-325.

Miller, K. (2004). ‘The Twins Paradox and Temporal Passage’ Analysis 64(3) 203-206.

Sider, T. (2001). Four-dimensionalism: an ontology of persistence and time. Oxford University Press.

Sider, T (1999). “Presentism and Ontological Commitment” Journal of 94(7) 325-347.

Tooley, M. (1997). Time, Tense and Causation, Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Modality

Lewis. D (1968). "Counterparts of Person and their Bodies." Journal of 65: 113-126.

Lewis, D. (1986). On the Plurality of Worlds. New York Blackwell Press. Yablo, S. (1987). "Identity, Essence and Indiscernibility." The

Journal of

84: 294-314.

Philosophy

Philosophy

Philosophy

8

Personal Identity

Braddon-Mitchell, D. and C. West (2001). “Temporal Phase Pluralism” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 62(1): pp 1-25.

Braddon-Mitchell, D. and Miller, K. (2004) ‘How to be a Conventional Person’ The Monist 87(4): 457-474.

Johnston, M. (1989). “Relativism and the Self” in M Krausz (ed) Relativism In- terpretation and Confrontation, Ilinois: University of Notre

Dame Press.

Lewis, D. (1983). "Survival and Identity.” in Philosophical Papers Vol I Oxford University Press pp 55-77.

Merricks, T. (2001). “Realism about Personal Identity over Time” Philosphical Perspectives 15 Metaphysics J.Tomberlin ed MA:

Blackwell pp173-187.

Parfit, D. (1984). Reasons and Persons. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Time Travel

Grey, W. (1999). “Troubles with Time Travel”. Philosophy 74: 55-70; Horwich, P (1975) “On Some Alleged Paradoxes of Time Travel.”

Journal of

Philosophy 72: 432-444.

Lewis, D. (1976). “The Paradoxes of Time Travel” American Philosophical

Quarterly 13: 145-152.

Miller, K. (2006). ‘Travelling in Time: How to Wholly Exist in Two Places at the

Same Time’ Canadian Journal of Philosophy. 36(3): 309-334.

Miller, K. (2006). ‘Time Travel and the Open Future’ Disputatio 19 (1): 197-206.

Sider, T. (2002). “Time Travel, Coincidences and Counterfactuals.” Philosophical Studies 110:115-138.

Smith, N. J. J. (1997). 'Bananas Enough for Time Travel'. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 48(3), 363-389.

Tye, M. (1990). ‘Vague Objects.’ 9Mind 9: 535-557.

Online Components

This unit requires regular use of the University’s Learni

Learning outcomes are what students know, understand and are able to do on completion of a unit of study. They are aligned with the University's graduate qualities and are assessed as part of the curriculum.

At the completion of this unit, you should be able to:

  • LO1. Understanding of various terms that are general to Anglo-American philosophy and further: exam- ples include analytic, a priori, a posteriori, necessity, possibility, qualia, valid, invalid and so on. Throughout the course I’ll be highlighting these terms in lectures and introducing short quizzes and polls to help the mastery of these
  • LO2. Capacity to form arguments: what I want from you is to be able to demonstrate that you can do philosophy. This means not just reporting what famous philosophers have thought, but having a con- sidered opinion of your own as to whether they are right. But a considered opinion is not jus the opinion you get when you consider a lot! It is an opinion backed up by arguments that follow valid patterns of reasoning from particular premises. Often we will hope that when your opinion differs from another philosopher it will be either because you can locate a premise in their reasoning which is different form yours, or else you can say where there has been a mistake in their reasoning.
  • LO3. Developing a critical and enquiring attitude to questions. There is disagreement. Why? Is that the disagreement is merely apparent because terms are being used differently? (Often the case sadly) Is there a difference in premises or assumptions? Is there a difference in what is regarded as a good rule of inference? Learn to be surprised by differences of opinion, and to seek out the differ- ences that explain them.
  • LO4. Learn to read philosophy: reading philosophy is unlike most other reading that you have to do in the humanities. You must read very slowly, and you must read again and again. Often with a diffi- cult article you will be none the wiser after the first read. Sort out what the conclusion is, where it fits in the debate you are dealing with, how the author’s assumptions help. Read it again. Take some notes. Discuss it with some other students.
  • LO5. Learning to research in philosophy, in particular how to use original article database systems via the University Library
  • LO6. Understand the nature of the time, causation and identity , and have an informed opinion on the different views in debates in the area(even if it is the opinion that we can’t tell yet!) as to which side is right.
  • LO7. See that there is a real problem in both forming the questions, and justifying the answers to them
  • LO8. Have an understanding of the ten broad topics we will deal with

Graduate qualities

The graduate qualities are the qualities and skills that all University of Sydney graduates must demonstrate on successful completion of an award course. As a future Sydney graduate, the set of qualities have been designed to equip you for the contemporary world.

GQ1 Depth of disciplinary expertise

Deep disciplinary expertise is the ability to integrate and rigorously apply knowledge, understanding and skills of a recognised discipline defined by scholarly activity, as well as familiarity with evolving practice of the discipline.

GQ2 Critical thinking and problem solving

Critical thinking and problem solving are the questioning of ideas, evidence and assumptions in order to propose and evaluate hypotheses or alternative arguments before formulating a conclusion or a solution to an identified problem.

GQ3 Oral and written communication

Effective communication, in both oral and written form, is the clear exchange of meaning in a manner that is appropriate to audience and context.

GQ4 Information and digital literacy

Information and digital literacy is the ability to locate, interpret, evaluate, manage, adapt, integrate, create and convey information using appropriate resources, tools and strategies.

GQ5 Inventiveness

Generating novel ideas and solutions.

GQ6 Cultural competence

Cultural Competence is the ability to actively, ethically, respectfully, and successfully engage across and between cultures. In the Australian context, this includes and celebrates Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, knowledge systems, and a mature understanding of contemporary issues.

GQ7 Interdisciplinary effectiveness

Interdisciplinary effectiveness is the integration and synthesis of multiple viewpoints and practices, working effectively across disciplinary boundaries.

GQ8 Integrated professional, ethical, and personal identity

An integrated professional, ethical and personal identity is understanding the interaction between one’s personal and professional selves in an ethical context.

GQ9 Influence

Engaging others in a process, idea or vision.

Outcome map

Learning outcomes Graduate qualities
GQ1 GQ2 GQ3 GQ4 GQ5 GQ6 GQ7 GQ8 GQ9

This section outlines changes made to this unit following staff and student reviews.

No changes have been made since this unit was last offered

Disclaimer

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