Sydney Games and Play Lab

Game live streaming has become a major new media industry and element of gaming culture in the past decade, with several million people creating gaming video contact and broadcasting it live to hundreds of millions of viewers. This project is building on existing leading studies of game streaming to examine national differences in the consumption and production of this medium. Presently the first ever studies of Australian and Japanese channels (funded by the Hoso Bunka Foundation) are being conducted with more to follow.

Project Team: Dr Mark Johnson (CI), Ryan Stanton (PhD), Yifan Wang (MA), Dahlia Jovic (Honours), James Baguley (RA)

Partner: Hoso Bunka Foundation

Metaverse technologies such as Virtual and Augmented Reality technologies are increasingly finding a foothold in culture and society. As these technologies proliferate in entertainment contexts, and beyond, it is important that we are equipped to critically examine both their benefits and their drawbacks. This project seeks to understand the broader impacts of the metaverse on society, particularly for those ‘at the margins’ of technological harm.

Project Team: Dr Marcus Carter (CI), Dr Ben Egliston (CI, QUT DMRC), Professor Gerard Goggin (Collaborator).

Funding: Meta

The growth of digital games is a source of enormous concern for parents, and games are coming under increasing public scrutiny for the use of gambling-like microtransactions, such as ‘Loot Boxes’. However, we know very little about how children are monetized by the digital games industry, and how children experience this monetization. Through the use of innovative studies of children, parents, game developers, and the policy environment, this project will create significant benefit via guidelines and recommendations for parents seeking to negotiate children’s digital play; new ethical frameworks for the design and implementation of videogames for children; and actionable advice for policymakers and practitioners.

Project Team: Dr Marcus Carter (CI), Dr Jane Mavoa (CI, Research Associate)

Funding: Australian Research Council, via ARC Future Fellowship on The Monetisation of Children in the Digital Games Industry.

The often-professionalised competitive play of digital games or “esports” has become a significant phenomenon in the past decade, with top players earning millions of dollars for their play, major sponsorships and advertisers involved in the biggest tournaments, and massive grassroots communities across the world. This project is examining the relationships between esports players and esports businesses, especially focusing on how non-endemic businesses navigate the competitive gaming ecosystem – and what players and fans think of them. The goal is to understand the relationships between the “top-down” and “bottom-up” pressures on esports and where esports and its economics might be going in the future.

Project Team: Dr Mark Johnson (CI)

Partner: University of Nevada, Las Vegas

“Content creation” has become an important force in gaming communities. Whether live streaming, YouTube “Let’s Play” videos, gaming podcasts, cosplaying, modding, fan art and fan fiction, or related media on websites like Instagram or Twitter, gaming content plays a significant role in the circulation of gaming ideas and gaming cultures. This project – primarily focused on game streaming on Twitch, but also exploring other contexts like podcasts and YouTube – explores the economics, practices, celebrities, and impacts of gaming-related online “content”. The project seeks to understand this gaming-related content, the people who make it, and the influence it has on gamers around the world.

Project Team: Dr Mark Johnson (CI), Ryan Stanton (PhD), Dahlia Jovic (Honours), James Baguley (RA)

Death pervades videogames. It is constant; it is core to how failure is signified in games, and how we learn how to play. Through studies of player experiences and game culture practice,s this project seeks to understand how we experience death in games, referring both to in-game death and the increasing ways that games have become sites for commemoration and mourning.

Project Team: Dr Marcus Carter (CI), Professor Martin Gibbs (CI, UniMelb), Fraser Allison (CI, UniMelb)

How do queer indie games tell stories? Whose perspectives do they bring, and for whom? The motivation to focus on queer indie games is to conjure a potential paradigm shift that can illustrate, alter, or enhance queer possibilities in games. By centering ‘games made by and for queer folks’, this project goes beyond counting queerness and quantifying representations. In this research we look through queer lenses to investigate authentic lived experiences and narrative design in games, and in turn, how games shape queer culture in the public consciousness.

Project Team: Dr Xavier Ho (CI), Dr Cody Mejeur (Collaborator), Remedios Perez Escobar (RA), Natalie Tran (RA), Dr Mark Johnson (Collaborator)

Partner: Hunt-Simes Institute in Sexuality Studies (HISS)

Funding: SSSHARC

This project engages with the shifting understanding of “Gamers”/ gamers/ players in game culture, the games industry, and game studies – which Butt refers to as “the post-Gamer turn” (2022, p. 51) – to address the ongoing issues inherent in the use of a limited identity category. The post-Gamer turn does not signal the end of the “Gamer” identity but denotes a way of recognizing its promises as a sustained fantasy with real power and implications for who plays games and how. It has been nearly a decade since the events of Gamergate, where the tensions between “Gamers” and players were violently, publicly highlighted, and this work asks what has changed in games and game studies with regard to conceptualising players/gamers/“Gamers,” as well as where further change is needed. 

Website: https://postgamerturn.wordpress.com

Project Team: Dr Mahli-Ann Butt (University of Sydney), Dr Amanda Cote (University of Oregon), Dr Emil Lundedal Hammar (University of Tampere & University of Tromsø), and Dr Cody Mejeur (University at Buffalo).

This research draws from surveys and semi-structured interviews with women and diversity advocates working in the videogame production field of Australia. From this data, we focus on themes of affective labour, self-care, work-life balance, and the impacts on marginalised people working in videogames. Contemporary ‘self-care’ discourses have proliferated in the last decade as a common response to discussions about experiencing and managing embodied precarity. Through closer examination of these self-care discourses, we argue that they problematically individualise notions of people’s wellbeing while they simultaneously pull attention away from systemic problems.

Project Team: Dr Mahli-Ann Butt (University of Sydney), Dr Brendan Keogh (Queensland University of Technology)

This project seeks to explore how urban Aboriginal communities in New South Wales, Australia, can utilise Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) to increase cultural promotion and enhance wellness. Drawing on research that will seek to understand how the Metaverse can ethically include Aboriginal people, knowledges, practices, and culture through self-determined, culturally safe, strengths-based approaches, this project aims to develop novel VR and/or AR experiences that showcasing how adapting components of traditional knowledges, practices, and environments for VR through self-determined, culturally safe, strengths-based approaches can increase cultural connection and enhance wellbeing.

In 2022, the project was awarded funding from Meta Australia.

Project Team: Jasper Jerome Garay (Public Health), Luke Hespanhol (Design Computing), Marcus Carter, A/Prof Michelle Dickson (Public Health) 

Funding: Meta

Artificial Intelligence is reshaping the designed world, from fashion to architecture to digital products. This project – a collaboration with the Designing with AI Lab at USYD – explores how AI can be employed as-collaborator in the game design process.

Project Team: Alex Elton-Pym (PhD Candidate), Dr Kazjon Grace (Supervisor, Design Computing), Dr Marcus Carter (Supervisor)

This PhD aims to analyze the production process of gaming podcasts, in order to further explore the ways in which the creation of new media occurs. A previously unexplored field, the project hopes to provide a particular focus on the intersections between platform power and creator autonomy, drawing on ideas of platform capitalism to do so. While it is clear there are asymmetries in the power dynamics here, the extent of these asymmetries—and the ways creators deal with them—have remained relatively unexplored. Analysing these gaming podcasts is not only important because of their unexplored nature, but also because it can shed further light on the cultures of the intersecting fields of podcasting and gaming content creation.

Project Team: Ryan Stanton (PhD Candidate), Dr Mark Johnson (Supervisor)

Learn More: Gaming Podcast Research Project Website

Some moments in games are able to impact the ways in which people navigate, reflect on, and make sense of their real lives and worlds. Using the tabletop role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons [D&D] as a case study, this PhD investigates how these meaningful and pivotal play experiences can be designed for and applied in wider areas of learning, pedagogy, and game design. Although contemporary research into games and learning leans towards the design, experiences, and associated impacts of digital gaming practices, this research emphasises the increasing popularity, accessibility, and utility of non-digital games for education and learning.

Project Team: Premeet Sidhu (PhD Candidate), Dr Marcus Carter (Supervisor), Associate Professor Jen Scott-Curwood (Supervisor)

While spatial study of games has gained popularity in the last few years, the amount of research into game spaces as spaces – rather than vessels for gameplay or narrative – has remained minimal. This thesis looks at how games allow players to experience spaces that do not exist in reality; examining case studies where games have adapted locations from genre fiction in other mediums to understand what techniques developers use to make these non-interactive spaces interactive, and what impact interactivity has on how audiences relate to and respond to them. Particular attention is paid to the Gothic genre, made interactive in games such as Castlevania, and defining how spatial concepts like ‘atmosphere’ apply to games.

Project Team: Mads Mackenzie (PhD Candidate), Dr Marcus Carter (Supervisor), Dr Chris Chesher (Supervisor), Dr Bruce Issacs (Supervisor)

This PhD thesis aims to develop an ontology of ‘emergent objects’ found within games, game-spaces, and interfacial regimes. Utilizing a multi-layered ‘Stack’ based approach to global computing, I propose that the objects we encounter via interfacial regimes, game spaces and platforms, are emergent material phenomena. That is, unlike non-digital objects, the appearance of emergent objects is not co-extensive with its materiality, and is instead a product of concrete infrastructures, programming languages, interfacial regimes, and social signification. This research has the potential to impact our understanding of game spaces by providing a systematic interrogation of the digital objects that serve to populate them. In addition to this, this research could form the basis of a theoretical framework from which to examine the modes of existence that prevail within games and digital platforms more generally.

Project Team: Conor Spence (PhD Candidate), Dr Chris Chesher (Supervisor), Dr Mark  Johnson (Supervisor)

The Nintendo Switch is a novel and exciting hybrid approach to videogame consoles. This project seeks to understand how the hybridity of the Switch informs and shapes play and player experience, and through interviews with Switch players has uncovered the crucial role that the unique Nintendo brand plays in affording specific player experiences.

Project Team: Tianyi Zhangshao (MRES Candidate), Dr Marcus Carter (Supervisor), Dr Mark  Johnson (Supervisor)

World-building is a term that is often deployed within the academic and popular discourses surrounding games, though there has been minimal research into the ways it works as a political practice situated in a specific politico-economic context. This PhD will be the first major study to analyse the political dimensions of world-building within video games, and its nature as a historically contingent practice under neoliberal capitalism. It will closely analyse a wide variety of video game worlds – with an emphasis on non-capitalist, anti-capitalist, and post-capitalist worlds – showing how world-building is always guided by deeply held – or even unconscious – political assumptions and affects. The PhD will investigate how games help us envision, create, simulate, and explore worlds that are radically different from our own.

Project Team: Finn Dawson (PhD Candidate), Dr Mark Johnson (Supervisor), Associate Professor Benedetta Brevini (Supervisor)