Outline

Overview

This unit provides the basis for the analysis of electricity grids using symmetrical components theory. Such analysis theory is the basis for the understanding of electrical faults and the design of protection strategies to safeguard the electrical equipment, and maintain safety of the plant at the highest possible level. The following specific topics are covered: The types and causes of power system faults; balanced faults and short circuit levels; an introduction to fault current transients in machines; symmetric components, sequence impedances and networks; the analysis of unsymmetrical faults. Review of the impact of faults on power system behaviour; issues affecting protection scheme characteristics and clearance times; the security and reliability of protection schemes; the need for protection redundancy and its implementation as local or remote backup; zones of protection and the need for zones to overlap; the analysis and application of over-current and distance relay protection schemes with particular reference to the protection of transmission lines.

Unit details and rules

Academic unit	School of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Credit points	6
Prerequisites ?	None
Corequisites ?	None
Prohibitions ?	None
Assumed knowledge ?	(ELEC3203 or ELEC9203 or ELEC5732) and (ELEC3206 or ELEC9206 or ELEC5734). The unit assumes basic knowledge of circuits, familiarity with basic mathematics, competence with basic circuit theory and an understanding of three phase systems, transformers, transmission lines and associated modeling and operation of such equipment
Available to study abroad and exchange students	Yes

Teaching staff

Coordinator	Jin Ma, j.ma@sydney.edu.au

Assessment

The census date for this unit availability is 31 March 2026

Details
Criteria

Type	Description	Weight	Due	Length	Use of AI
Written exam	Final Examination Closed book final exam.	55%	Formal exam period	2 hours	AI prohibited
Outcomes assessed:
In-class quiz	Early Feedback Assessment Online quiz	10%	Week 03 Due date: 10 Mar 2026 at 11:00	1 hour	AI allowed
Outcomes assessed:
Experimental design	Lab report 1 Complete and submit a lab report	12%	Week 05 Due date: 27 Mar 2026 at 23:59 Closing date: 07 Apr 2026	n/a	AI allowed
Outcomes assessed:
Experimental design	Lab Report 2 Complete and submit a lab report	23%	Week 12 Due date: 22 May 2026 at 23:59 Closing date: 02 Jun 2026	N/A	AI allowed
Outcomes assessed:
= early feedback task ?

Assessment summary

Early-feedback Assessment: Set on Week 3 to give students early feedback on their learning progresses
Lab reports: Using the power system digital simulation tools to develop the models for power system normal operation and on-fault scenarios, then conduct the anlaysis and calculation. Finally compare the hands-on calculation with the simulation results. It offers a breadth of experimental work through modeling, debugging and analysing practices.
Final exam: End of semester close-book examination.

Assessment criteria

The University awards common result grades, set out in the Coursework Policy 2014 (Schedule 1).

As a general guide, a high distinction indicates work of an exceptional standard, a distinction a very high standard, a credit a good standard, and a pass an acceptable standard.

Result name	Mark range	Description
High distinction	85 - 100	Solve the asked questions correctly. Provide clear and correct interpretations on the solutions of the problem. Effectively communicate the results to the readers.
Distinction	75 - 84	Attend to the details correctly and solve the asked questions with minor mistakes
Credit	65 - 74	Build the correct models with clear physical understandings and demonstrate attention to the required details in the solution process
Pass	50 - 64	Demonstrate a basic understanding on the theory and methods to solve the problem through using the correct formula and correct solution procedure
Fail	0 - 49	When you don’t meet the learning outcomes of the unit to a satisfactory standard.

For more information see guide to grades.

Use of generative artificial intelligence (AI)

You can use generative AI tools for open assessments. Restrictions on AI use apply to secure, supervised assessments used to confirm if students have met specific learning outcomes.

Refer to the assessment table above to see if AI is allowed, for assessments in this unit and check Canvas for full instructions on assessment tasks and AI use.

If you use AI, you must always acknowledge it. Misusing AI may lead to a breach of the Academic Integrity Policy.

Visit the Current Students website for more information on AI in assessments, including details on how to acknowledge its use.

Late submission

In accordance with University policy, these penalties apply when written work is submitted after 11:59pm on the due date:

Deduction of 5% of the maximum mark for each calendar day after the due date.
After ten calendar days late, a mark of zero will be awarded.

This unit has an exception to the standard University policy or supplementary information has been provided by the unit coordinator. This information is displayed below:

!0% per day

Academic integrity

The University expects students to act ethically and honestly and will treat all allegations of academic integrity breaches seriously.

Our website provides information on academic integrity and the resources available to all students. This includes advice on how to avoid common breaches of academic integrity. Ensure that you have completed the Academic Honesty Education Module (AHEM) which is mandatory for all commencing coursework students

Penalties for serious breaches can significantly impact your studies and your career after graduation. It is important that you speak with your unit coordinator if you need help with completing assessments.

Visit the Current Students website for more information on AI in assessments, including details on how to acknowledge its use.

Learning support

Simple extensions

If you encounter a problem submitting your work on time, you may be able to apply for an extension of five calendar days through a simple extension.  The application process will be different depending on the type of assessment and extensions cannot be granted for some assessment types like exams.

Special consideration

If exceptional circumstances mean you can’t complete an assessment, you need consideration for a longer period of time, or if you have essential commitments which impact your performance in an assessment, you may be eligible for special consideration or special arrangements.

Special consideration applications will not be affected by a simple extension application.

Using AI responsibly

Co-created with students, AI in Education includes lots of helpful examples of how students use generative AI tools to support their learning. It explains how generative AI works, the different tools available and how to use them responsibly and productively.

Support for students

The Support for Students Policy reflects the University’s commitment to supporting students in their academic journey and making the University safe for students. It is important that you read and understand this policy so that you are familiar with the range of support services available to you and understand how to engage with them.

The University uses email as its primary source of communication with students who need support under the Support for Students Policy. Make sure you check your University email regularly and respond to any communications received from the University.

Learning resources and detailed information about weekly assessment and learning activities can be accessed via Canvas. It is essential that you visit your unit of study Canvas site to ensure you are up to date with all of your tasks.

If you are having difficulties completing your studies, or are feeling unsure about your progress, we are here to help. You can access the support services offered by the University at any time:

Support and Services (including health and wellbeing services, financial support and learning support)
Course planning and administration
Meet with an Academic Adviser

Weekly schedule

WK	Topic	Learning activity
Multiple weeks	Review lecture notes; Work on tutorial questions, lab work and the assignment; Study the subjects that are used in learning this course and acquire further information extending the class contents via drawing on vast resources.	Self-directed learning (72 hr)
Week 01	Three-phase power systems, historical developments, characteristics influencing generation and transmission, environmental aspects of electrical energy generation, transmission and distribution systems, energy utilization, balanced three-phase and unbalanced three-phase systems, introduction to short circuit problem in power systems	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 02	1. Three-phase balanced system steady state and short circuit current calculation; 2. General introduction to short circuit analysis techniques; 3. Per unit system; 4. Modelling electricity network in per unit system	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 03	1. Symmetrical components; 2. Sequence modeling of transmission line, load; 3. Early feedback assessment; Lab 1	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 04	1. Sequence model of transformers 2. Examples on using sequence methods to solve the balanced three-phase networks; Lab 2	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 05	1. Developing sequence networks for complex power systems; 2. Using symmetrical component methods to solve unbalanced operational problems and faults; Tutorial 1	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 06	1. Applying symmetrical component methods on unbalanced fault current calculation (Cont'ed); 2. Thevenin equivalent circuits for balanced and unbalanced fault analysis; Tutorial 2	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 07	1 Impedance matrix method for short-circuit studies; 2 Computer based algorithms for short-circuit calculation; 3 Relation between the impedance method and the Thevenin equivalent circuit; Tutorial 3	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 08	1. Instrument transformers; 2. General introduction to fuse, switching gears and protection devices; Lab 3	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 09	1 Selection of switching gears and fuse; 2 Basics of electromagnetic transients through analysing the short-circuit current in R-L circuits; 3 Estimate the RMS and peak short-circuit current close to a generator's terminal; Lab 4	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 10	1. Protection overview; 2. Protection design principles; 3. Principles of time/current grading; 4. Overcurrent relays; Tutorial 4 ; Tutorial 4	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 11	1 Overcurrent relay setting; 2 Coordination of overcurrent settings 3 Coordination of overcurrent relay and fuses in distribution network; Lab 5	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 12	1 Coordinating overcurrent relay and the recloser; 2 Directional overcurrent relay; 3 Principles and settings of distance relays; 4 zones of protection and coordination; Tutorial 5	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 13	1. Overview on power system stability and electromechanical transients; 2. Equal Area Criteria; 3. Review the whole course; Tutorial 6	Lecture (2 hr)

Attendance and class requirements

It is compulsory to come to the class for completing the early feedback assessment.

Lecture sessions are very important and students are expected to attend.

Students should participate in the tutorial sessions.

Students should attend and do the laboratory experiments and submit the laboratory reports.

Study commitment

Typically, there is a minimum expectation of 1.5-2 hours of student effort per week per credit point for units of study offered over a full semester. For a 6 credit point unit, this equates to roughly 120-150 hours of student effort in total.

Required readings

Recommended textbook (available online through university library):

Duncan Glover et. al., Power System Analysis and Design. Cengage Learning, 978-1-111-42577-7.

Learning outcomes

Learning outcomes are what students know, understand and are able to do on completion of a unit of study. They are aligned with the University's graduate qualities and are assessed as part of the curriculum.

Outcomes
Graduate qualities

At the completion of this unit, you should be able to:

LO1. demonstrate an understanding the functions of switch gear and other devices
LO2. demonstrate a basic understanding electrical safety issues and systems earthing to the extent of the material presented
LO3. write reports and present information to communicate engineering information clearly, concisely and accurately at a level commensurate with the expected technical knowledge level of the stakeholders involved
LO4. design basic protection schemes, drawing on principles and knowledge at hand, as well as other available resources to solve the problem to specifications
LO5. develop power system simulation models to analyse, test and confirm short circuit current level for a given system within the limits of the material presented
LO6. demonstrate an understanding of symmetrical components theory and its application
LO7. demonstrate proficiency in determining maximum and minimum short circuit levels in power networks using knowledge of principles and concepts developed throughout the course
LO8. apply knowledge of concepts and principles studied to demonstrate why protection systems are required and their respective functions to the extent of the material presented.
LO9. demonstrate an understanding of electromagnetic transients happening in a power system when it is disturbed and the corresponding analysis methods
LO10. Demonstrate an understanding of the electromechanical transients happening in a power system and the basic stability analysis methods for simplified power system model.
LO11. demonstrate an understanding on the power system fault types, harms, analysis and prevent methods.
LO12. demonstrate an understanding of the symmetrical system analysis methods.

Graduate qualities

The graduate qualities are the qualities and skills that all University of Sydney graduates must demonstrate on successful completion of an award course. As a future Sydney graduate, the set of qualities have been designed to equip you for the contemporary world.

GQ1	Depth of disciplinary expertise Deep disciplinary expertise is the ability to integrate and rigorously apply knowledge, understanding and skills of a recognised discipline defined by scholarly activity, as well as familiarity with evolving practice of the discipline.
GQ2	Critical thinking and problem solving Critical thinking and problem solving are the questioning of ideas, evidence and assumptions in order to propose and evaluate hypotheses or alternative arguments before formulating a conclusion or a solution to an identified problem.
GQ3	Oral and written communication Effective communication, in both oral and written form, is the clear exchange of meaning in a manner that is appropriate to audience and context.
GQ4	Information and digital literacy Information and digital literacy is the ability to locate, interpret, evaluate, manage, adapt, integrate, create and convey information using appropriate resources, tools and strategies.
GQ5	Inventiveness Generating novel ideas and solutions.
GQ6	Cultural competence Cultural Competence is the ability to actively, ethically, respectfully, and successfully engage across and between cultures. In the Australian context, this includes and celebrates Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, knowledge systems, and a mature understanding of contemporary issues.
GQ7	Interdisciplinary effectiveness Interdisciplinary effectiveness is the integration and synthesis of multiple viewpoints and practices, working effectively across disciplinary boundaries.
GQ8	Integrated professional, ethical, and personal identity An integrated professional, ethical and personal identity is understanding the interaction between one’s personal and professional selves in an ethical context.
GQ9	Influence Engaging others in a process, idea or vision.

Outcome map

Learning outcomes	Graduate qualities
Learning outcomes

Responding to student feedback

This section outlines changes made to this unit following staff and student reviews.

The labs are redesigned to give students more hands-on practices. Detailed instructions on how to use the Matlab Simulink to develop power system analysis models are given to support students who feel challenging in using the power system simulation tools for the first time.

Additional information

Work, health and safety

No food and drinks in labs

Disclaimer

Important: the University of Sydney regularly reviews units of study and reserves the right to change the units of study available annually. To stay up to date on available study options, including unit of study details and availability, refer to the relevant handbook.

To help you understand common terms that we use at the University, we offer an online glossary.

Current students

Overview

Overview

Unit details and rules

Teaching staff

Assessment

Assessment

Assessment summary

Assessment criteria

Use of generative artificial intelligence (AI)

Late submission

Academic integrity

Learning support

Learning support

Simple extensions

Special consideration

Using AI responsibly

Support for students

Weekly schedule

Weekly schedule

Attendance and class requirements

Study commitment

Required readings

Learning outcomes

Learning outcomes

Graduate qualities

Outcome map

Responding to student feedback

Responding to student feedback

Additional information

Additional information

Work, health and safety

Disclaimer

On this page

Useful links

ELEC5204: Power Systems Analysis and Protection

Semester 1, 2026 [Normal day] - Camperdown/Darlington, Sydney

Overview

Overview

Unit details and rules

Teaching staff

Assessment

Assessment

Assessment summary

Assessment criteria

Use of generative artificial intelligence (AI)

Late submission

Academic integrity

Learning support

Learning support

Simple extensions

Special consideration

Using AI responsibly

Support for students

Weekly schedule

Weekly schedule

Attendance and class requirements

Study commitment

Required readings

Learning outcomes

Learning outcomes

Graduate qualities

Outcome map

Responding to student feedback

Responding to student feedback

Additional information

Additional information

Work, health and safety

Disclaimer

On this page

Useful links