Unit outline_

EXSS2036: The Body Clock and Athletic Performance

Semester 1, 2026 [Normal day] - Camperdown/Darlington, Sydney

This unit focuses on developing an understanding of how circadian rhythm impacts athletic performance. The relationship between personal best performance and circadian phenotypes is examined through the predictors of peak performance time and optimal performance. There is an emphasis on the importance of aligning the body clock with the external environment for both health and sports performance. The unit also covers concepts of sleep as a performance enhancer, temporal variation in physiological variables, over-training, muscle damage and fatigue and recovery strategies.

Unit details and rules

Academic unit Movement Sciences
Credit points 6
Prerequisites
? 
None
Corequisites
? 
None
Prohibitions
? 
None
Assumed knowledge
? 

None

Available to study abroad and exchange students

Yes

Teaching staff

Coordinator Chin Moi Chow, chin-moi.chow@sydney.edu.au
Lecturer(s) Daniel Hackett, daniel.hackett@sydney.edu.au
Chin Moi Chow, chin-moi.chow@sydney.edu.au
Tutor(s) Kangchao Wu, kawu0609@uni.sydney.edu.au
The census date for this unit availability is 31 March 2026
Type Description Weight Due Length Use of AI
Written exam EXSS2036 Final exam
MCQ and short-answer questions (2 hours plus 10mins reading time)
40% Formal exam period 2 hours AI prohibited
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
In-class quiz In-class Online Quizzes
Online quizzes: Wk7 (3%), Wk9 (3%), Wk12 (4%).
10% Multiple weeks 20 - 40 minutes AI allowed
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
In-class quiz Early Feedback Task Early feedback task
In-class online quiz
0% Week 03
Due date: 12 Mar 2026 at 23:59
20 minutes AI allowed
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO2
Presentation group assignment EXSS2036 Oral Presentation
Oral presentation in scheduled tutorial times.
30% Week 06
Due date: 02 Apr 2026 at 23:59
10 minutes per Team AI allowed
Outcomes assessed: LO4 LO5 LO6
Presentation group assignment EXSS2036 Video Podcast in pairs.
Video podcast as a supportive resource in engaging in learning activities. Evaluation will include a group mark for content and an individual mark for presentation skills.
20% Week 08
Due date: 26 Apr 2026 at 23:59
Video 5 min +/- 1 min AI allowed
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
group assignment = group assignment ?
early feedback task = early feedback task ?

Early feedback task

This unit includes an early feedback task, designed to give you feedback prior to the census date for this unit. Details are provided in the Canvas site and your result will be recorded in your Marks page. It is important that you actively engage with this task so that the University can support you to be successful in this unit.

Assessment summary

  1. Final exam: Written exam, short answer questions and MCQ. Worth 40%.
  2. Presentation (group): Oral presentation worth 30% (see details on Canvas for submission of slides etc). An Absent Fail (AF) will be awarded for non-contribution (therefore no submission) by a team member and deductions apply for students who have had a lesser contribution to others in the group.
  3. One in-class online Early feedback task (0%).
  4. Three in-class online quizzes worth a total of 10%.
  5. Video podcast submission (evaluation will include a group mark for content and an individual mark for presentation skills) worth 20% 

The early feedback task is not compulsory. Two of three in-class quizzes are required to be submitted to avoid an absent fail grade (AF). A submission is required for all other assessments to avoid an absent fail grade (AF). The details for assessment requirements will be available on CANVAS.

Group work: Individuals are responsible for keeping a record of their contributions and keeping these for 12 months. Students may be requested to submit these materials in response to an allegation of an academic integrity breach (Academic Integrity Policy 2022, Part 3 (7)).

Assessment criteria

Result name

Mark range

Description

High distinction

85 - 100

 Awarded when you demonstrate the learning outcomes for the unit at an exceptional standard, as defined by grade descriptors or exemplars outlined by your faculty or school.

Distinction

75 - 84

 Awarded when you demonstrate the learning outcomes for the unit at a very high standard, as defined by grade descriptors or exemplars outlined by your faculty or school.

Credit

65 - 74

 Awarded when you demonstrate the learning outcomes for the unit at a good standard, as defined by grade descriptors or exemplars outlined by your faculty or school.

Pass

50 - 64

 Awarded when you demonstrate the learning outcomes for the unit at an acceptable standard, as defined by grade descriptors or exemplars outlined by your faculty or school.

Fail

0 - 49

When you don’t meet the learning outcomes of the unit to a satisfactory standard.

For more information see guide to grades.

Use of generative artificial intelligence (AI)

You can use generative AI tools for open assessments. Restrictions on AI use apply to secure, supervised assessments used to confirm if students have met specific learning outcomes.

Refer to the assessment table above to see if AI is allowed, for assessments in this unit and check Canvas for full instructions on assessment tasks and AI use.

If you use AI, you must always acknowledge it. Misusing AI may lead to a breach of the Academic Integrity Policy.

Visit the Current Students website for more information on AI in assessments, including details on how to acknowledge its use.

Late submission

In accordance with University policy, these penalties apply when written work is submitted after 11:59pm on the due date:

  • Deduction of 5% of the maximum mark for each calendar day after the due date.
  • After ten calendar days late, a mark of zero will be awarded.

This unit has an exception to the standard University policy or supplementary information has been provided by the unit coordinator. This information is displayed below:

Standard late penalties will apply for assessments that are not submitted on time unless a simple extension or special consideration is granted. An Absent Fail for the unit will be awarded for non-submission of any assessment.

Academic integrity

The University expects students to act ethically and honestly and will treat all allegations of academic integrity breaches seriously.

Our website provides information on academic integrity and the resources available to all students. This includes advice on how to avoid common breaches of academic integrity. Ensure that you have completed the Academic Honesty Education Module (AHEM) which is mandatory for all commencing coursework students

Penalties for serious breaches can significantly impact your studies and your career after graduation. It is important that you speak with your unit coordinator if you need help with completing assessments.

Visit the Current Students website for more information on AI in assessments, including details on how to acknowledge its use.

Simple extensions

If you encounter a problem submitting your work on time, you may be able to apply for an extension of five calendar days through a simple extension.  The application process will be different depending on the type of assessment and extensions cannot be granted for some assessment types like exams.

Special consideration

If exceptional circumstances mean you can’t complete an assessment, you need consideration for a longer period of time, or if you have essential commitments which impact your performance in an assessment, you may be eligible for special consideration or special arrangements.

Special consideration applications will not be affected by a simple extension application.

Using AI responsibly

Co-created with students, AI in Education includes lots of helpful examples of how students use generative AI tools to support their learning. It explains how generative AI works, the different tools available and how to use them responsibly and productively.

Support for students

The Support for Students Policy reflects the University’s commitment to supporting students in their academic journey and making the University safe for students. It is important that you read and understand this policy so that you are familiar with the range of support services available to you and understand how to engage with them.

The University uses email as its primary source of communication with students who need support under the Support for Students Policy. Make sure you check your University email regularly and respond to any communications received from the University.

Learning resources and detailed information about weekly assessment and learning activities can be accessed via Canvas. It is essential that you visit your unit of study Canvas site to ensure you are up to date with all of your tasks.

If you are having difficulties completing your studies, or are feeling unsure about your progress, we are here to help. You can access the support services offered by the University at any time:

Support and Services (including health and wellbeing services, financial support and learning support)
Course planning and administration
Meet with an Academic Adviser

WK Topic Learning activity Learning outcomes
Week 01 Introduction to Unit of study Lecture: Module 1: How cells keep time via genes and light. Lecture (2 hr) LO2
Week 02 Lecture: Module 1: How cells keep time via genes and light. Lecture (2 hr) LO2
Practical: Chronotype and peak performance time Practical (2 hr) LO2 LO6
Week 03 Lecture: Module 1 and Module 2: How the clock runs the complex engine of sleep. Lecture (2 hr) LO1 LO2
Tutorial 1 Balancing the clock and the need: Exploring sleep homeostasis and circadian timing Tutorial (2 hr) LO1 LO2 LO4
Week 04 Lecture: Module 2: How the clock runs the complex engine of sleep. Lecture (2 hr) LO1
Week 05 Lecture: Module 2 and Module 3: Why individuals experience time differently. Lecture (2 hr) LO1 LO6
Week 06 Lecture: Module 3 and Module 4: Applying circadian biology to athletic success. Lecture (2 hr) LO2 LO5 LO6
Oral Presentation Assessment (3 hr) LO4 LO5 LO6
Week 07 Lecture: Module 4: Applying circadian biology to athletic success. Lecture (2 hr) LO5
Tutorial 2 Sleep and skill acquisition Tutorial (2 hr) LO1 LO5
Week 08 Lecture: Module 4: Applying circadian biology to athletic success. Lecture (2 hr) LO5 LO7
Week 09 Lecture: Module 4: Applying circadian biology to athletic success. Lecture (2 hr) LO5 LO7
Tutorial 3 Rhythms of performance: Understanding the body’s clock for better sleep and training. Tutorial (2 hr) LO1 LO2 LO5 LO6
Week 10 Lecture: Module 5: The health costs of misalignment. Lecture (2 hr) LO3
Week 11 Lecture: Module 6: Chronotherapy and future health directions. Lecture (2 hr) LO5
Week 12 Lecture: Module 6: Chronotherapy and future health directions. Lecture (2 hr) LO5
Tutorial: Circadian rhythm entrainment and disruption: Factors influencing alignment and re-alignment Tutorial (2 hr) LO3
Week 13 Review lectures Lecture (2 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7

Attendance and class requirements

Attendance and participation are required for:

Week 2:  Practical Session (+ select own team in class)

Week 3,7,9,12:  Tutorial session + In-class online quiz + instruction/practice for video podcast(and selection of partner for this activity)

Week 6:  Oral Presentation and submission of slides

Week 8:   Submission of video podcast

Week 15/16  Final Exam

Study commitment

Typically, there is a minimum expectation of 1.5-2 hours of student effort per week per credit point for units of study offered over a full semester. For a 6 credit point unit, this equates to roughly 120-150 hours of student effort in total.

Required readings

Recommended reading:

  1. Roenneberg, T., & Merrow, M. (2016). The circadian clock and human health. Current biology, 26(10), R432-R443.
  2. Roenneberg T, Wirz-Justice A, Merrow M. Life between clocks: daily temporal patterns of human chronotypes. J Biol Rhythms. 2003 Feb;18(1):80-90. doi: 10.1177/0748730402239679. PMID: 12568247
  3. Kantermann, T., & Burgess, H. J. (2017). Average midsleep time as a proxy for circadian phase. PsyCh journal, 6(4), 290-291.
  4. Chow CM. Sleep and wellbeing, now and in the future 2020. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/8/2883
  5. Sandro Lecci, Jacinthe Cataldi, Monica Betta, Giulio Bernardi, Raphaël Heinzer, Francesca Siclari, Electroencephalographic changes associated with subjective under- and overestimation of sleep duration, Sleep, Volume 43, Issue 11, November 2020, zsaa094. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa094doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa094
  6. Jelena Skorucak, Emma L Arbon, Derk-Jan Dijk, Peter Achermann, Response to chronic sleep restriction, extension, and subsequent total sleep deprivation in humans: adaptation or preserved sleep homeostasis?, Sleep, Volume 41, Issue 7, July 2018, zsy078, https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsy078
  7. Rae, D. E., Chin, T., Dikgomo, K., Hill, L., McKune, A. J., Kohn, T. A., & Roden, L. C. (2017). One night of partial sleep deprivation impairs recovery from a single exercise training session. European journal of applied physiology, 117(4), 699-712.
  8. Shank SS, Margoliash D. Sleep and sensorimotor integration during early vocal learning in a songbird. Nature. 2009 Mar 5;458(7234):73-7. doi: 10.1038/nature07615. Epub 2008 Dec 14. PMID: 19079238; PMCID: PMC2651989.
  9. Kanaley JA, Weltman JY, Veldhuis JD, Rogol AD, Hartman ML, Weltman A. Human growth hormone response to repeated bouts of aerobic exercise. J Appl Physiol (1985). 1997 Nov;83(5):1756-61. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1997.83.5.1756. PMID: 9375348.
  10. Mah, C. D., Mah, K. E., Kezirian, E. J., & Dement, W. C. (2011). The effects of sleep extension on the athletic performance of collegiate basketball players. Sleep, 34(7), 943-950.
  11. Chow, C.M. Sleep Hygiene Practices: Where to Now? Hygiene 2022, 2(3), 146-151; https://doi.org/10.3390/hygiene2030013
  12. Vitale, J.A., Weydahl, A. Chronotype, Physical Activity, and Sport Performance: A Systematic Review. Sports Med 47, 1859–1868 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0741-z
  13. Wright Jr, K. P., McHill, A. W., Birks, B. R., Griffin, B. R., Rusterholz, T., & Chinoy, E. D. (2013). Entrainment of the human circadian clock to the natural light-dark cycle. Current Biology, 23(16), 1554-1558.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2013.06.039
  14. Thorne, H. C., Jones, K. H., Peters, S. P., Archer, S. N., & Dijk, D. J. (2009). Daily and seasonal variation in the spectral composition of light exposure in humans. Chronobiology International, 26(5), 854-866.
  15. Kidd, P. B., Young, M. W., & Siggia, E. D. (2015). Temperature compensation and temperature sensation in the circadian clock. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences112(46), E6284-E6292.
  16. Wever, R. A. (1984). Properties of human sleep-wake cycles: parameters of internally synchronized free-running rhythms. Sleep7(1), 27-51.
  17. Jonathan S. Emens, Krista Yuhas, Jennifer Rough, Nidhi Kochar, Dawn Peters & Alfred J. Lewy (2009) Phase Angle of Entrainment in Morning and EveningTypes under Naturalistic Conditions, Chronobiology International, 26:3, 474-493, DOI: 10.1080/07420520902821077
  18. St Hilaire MA, Gooley JJ, Khalsa SBS, Kronauer RE, Czeisler CA, Lockley SW. Human phase response curve to a 1 h pulse of bright white light. The Journal of Physiology. 2012;590(13):3035-45.
  19. Youngstedt SD, Elliott JA, Kripke DF. Human circadian phase-response curves for exercise. J Physiol. 2019;597(8):2253-68.
  20. Eichner, E. R. (1988). Circadian timekeepers in sports. The Physician and sportsmedicine16(2), 78-85.
  21. Facer-Childs, E., & Brandstaetter, R. (2015). The impact of circadian phenotype and time since awakening on diurnal performance in athletes. Current biology25(4), 518-522.
  22. Facer-Childs, E. R., Middleton, B., Skene, D. J., & Bagshaw, A. P. (2019). Resetting the late timing of ‘night owls’ has a positive impact on mental health and performance. Sleep medicine60, 236-247.
  23. Vitale, J. A., & Weydahl, A. (2017). Chronotype, physical activity, and sport performance: a systematic review. Sports Medicine47(9), 1859-1868.
  24. Grgic, J., Lazinica, B., Garofolini, A., Schoenfeld, B. J., Saner, N. J., & Mikulic, P. (2019). The effects of time of day-specific resistance training on adaptations in skeletal muscle hypertrophy and muscle strength: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Chronobiology international, 36(4), 449-460. https://doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2019.1567524
  25. Allada, R., & Bass, J. (2021). Circadian mechanisms in medicine. New England Journal of Medicine, 384(6), 550-561. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1802337
  26. Ruan, W., Yuan, X. & Eltzschig, H.K. Circadian rhythm as a therapeutic target. Nat Rev Drug Discov 20, 287–307 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41573-020-00109-w

All readings for this unit can be accessed through the Reading List, available on Canvas.

Learning outcomes are what students know, understand and are able to do on completion of a unit of study. They are aligned with the University's graduate qualities and are assessed as part of the curriculum.

At the completion of this unit, you should be able to:

  • LO1. Demonstrate knowledge in the physiology of sleep and sleep as a performance enhancer
  • LO2. Comprehend the entrainment concept of the body clock and the external environment cue of light-dark cycle
  • LO3. Apply the knowledge of light and exercise as zeitgebers to phase-shifting and its application to circadian misalignments
  • LO4. Demonstrate competency in the skills of: a) reporting (data gathering, analysis and interpretation) b) oral presentation (organisation & visualisation; communication skills)
  • LO5. Recognise the impact of circadian timing on physiological, physical and cognitive performance
  • LO6. Understand the underlying chronotype on optimal athletic performance
  • LO7. Understand the circadian rhythms of muscle strength and fatigue and strategies for recovery

Graduate qualities

The graduate qualities are the qualities and skills that all University of Sydney graduates must demonstrate on successful completion of an award course. As a future Sydney graduate, the set of qualities have been designed to equip you for the contemporary world.

GQ1 Depth of disciplinary expertise

Deep disciplinary expertise is the ability to integrate and rigorously apply knowledge, understanding and skills of a recognised discipline defined by scholarly activity, as well as familiarity with evolving practice of the discipline.

GQ2 Critical thinking and problem solving

Critical thinking and problem solving are the questioning of ideas, evidence and assumptions in order to propose and evaluate hypotheses or alternative arguments before formulating a conclusion or a solution to an identified problem.

GQ3 Oral and written communication

Effective communication, in both oral and written form, is the clear exchange of meaning in a manner that is appropriate to audience and context.

GQ4 Information and digital literacy

Information and digital literacy is the ability to locate, interpret, evaluate, manage, adapt, integrate, create and convey information using appropriate resources, tools and strategies.

GQ5 Inventiveness

Generating novel ideas and solutions.

GQ6 Cultural competence

Cultural Competence is the ability to actively, ethically, respectfully, and successfully engage across and between cultures. In the Australian context, this includes and celebrates Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, knowledge systems, and a mature understanding of contemporary issues.

GQ7 Interdisciplinary effectiveness

Interdisciplinary effectiveness is the integration and synthesis of multiple viewpoints and practices, working effectively across disciplinary boundaries.

GQ8 Integrated professional, ethical, and personal identity

An integrated professional, ethical and personal identity is understanding the interaction between one’s personal and professional selves in an ethical context.

GQ9 Influence

Engaging others in a process, idea or vision.

Outcome map

Learning outcomes Graduate qualities
GQ1 GQ2 GQ3 GQ4 GQ5 GQ6 GQ7 GQ8 GQ9

This section outlines changes made to this unit following staff and student reviews.

In response to student feedback and suggestions, the lectures have been re-structured into six modules to facilitate systematic learning.

 

Work, health and safety

The Work Health and Safety practical induction checklist must be completed by each student in consultation with the tutor. 

Disclaimer

Important: the University of Sydney regularly reviews units of study and reserves the right to change the units of study available annually. To stay up to date on available study options, including unit of study details and availability, refer to the relevant handbook.

To help you understand common terms that we use at the University, we offer an online glossary.