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Unit of study_

LAWS5179: IP: Trade Marks and Patents

Semester 1, 2024 [Normal day] - Camperdown/Darlington, Sydney

This unit focuses on legal rights concerning the marketing of products, specifically, trade mark law and passing off, and legal rights concerning invention, specifically, patent law. Most aspects of the law of registered trade marks, including some references to passing-off and misleading and deceptive conduct will be covered in the unit, as will the effect of these areas of law on new marketing practices on the Internet. Some specific topics which will be covered in depth are: the differences between registered trade marks, passing-off and unfair competition; character merchandising and the protection of the celebrity persona; the nature of signs and the special problem of shape trade marks; counterfeiting and parallel imports; trade mark infringement; the badge of origin, private property and cultural resource functions of registered trade marks. In patent law, there will be a particular focus on the requirements for patentability under Australian patent law; the requirements for patent specifications; the concept of inventorship and ownership of patents; and patent infringement and defences. Although the unit of study emphasises legal doctrine and is taught from the perspective of a relatively depoliticised formalism, it is also recognised that the deployment and the regulation of intellectual property inevitably have substantial cultural and economic consequences, which in turn inform and shape the development of legal doctrine. So, for example, pharmaceutical patents are both valuable assets to their owners, who accordingly demand extensive legal protection for those assets, and also the target of vigorous criticism in the developing world for the patents' potentially detrimental effect on access to quality and affordable medicines. There will, accordingly, be some attention paid in this unit to the cultural and economic consequences of intellectual property laws, to the significance of access to the public domain and to the effects of international trade pressure in the area.

Unit details and rules

Unit code LAWS5179
Academic unit Law
Credit points 6
Prohibitions
? 
LAWS3479
Prerequisites
? 
None
Corequisites
? 
None
Assumed knowledge
? 

None

Available to study abroad and exchange students

Yes

Teaching staff

Coordinator Olugbenga Olatunji, olugbenga.olatunji@sydney.edu.au
Lecturer(s) Olugbenga Olatunji, olugbenga.olatunji@sydney.edu.au
Type Description Weight Due Length
Supervised exam
? 
End of Semester Examination (50%)
Open Book Final Examination
50% Formal exam period 2 hours
Outcomes assessed: LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Participation Class Participation (20%)
Class Participation
20% Ongoing n/a
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO7 LO6 LO5 LO4 LO3 LO2
Short release assignment Short Release Midterm Assessment (30%)
Midterm Assignment
30% Week 06
Due date: 25 Mar 2024 at 17:00

Closing date: 26 Apr 2024
2,500 words/ 72 hours
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7

Assessment summary

Class Participation (20%):

Given the unit is taught through series of seminars, it is mandatory that students play active role in steering discussions at all seminars, although under the direction and management of the unit coordinator. For organisational purposes, each student will be placed on-call twice (that is, at two seminars) and each of the two on-call participations will be assessed over 20%. At the end of the semester, the students will have the benefit of having the mark obtained in their better performance recorded for them. Additionally, since students will have two opportunities to participate in in-class assessment, an application for special consideration will not be needed unless a student misses BOTH opportunities, in which case, relevant documentary evidence will need to be provided to the special consideration team.

To effectively prepare for their on-call sessions, students will need to read, understand and be ready to lead discussions on the topics which fall within their allocated weeks. The Reading Guide (RG) will be of significant assistance in this regard -- this contains leading cases (bold and plain text) as well as textbooks and other academic materials (required and recommended) designed to aid students' understanding of core IP principles as applied in practice by the courts. The ability to understand the gravamen of the assigned readings (both principles and judicial application) for each week for which a student is on-call is particularly important as it will ensure in-class deliberations are both quality and constructive.

Please note that being on-call means you can be called upon at any point to answer questions about the assigned reading for a particular week. Therefore, the importance of a student having a prepared note for their on-call weeks cannot be overemphasised. Students will have access to allocated readings prior to seminar 1 but the list of on-call allocations will not be ready until later in week 1, meaning actual on-call participation will begin in week 2. 

This continuous assessment task will engage LO1, LO2 and LO3 (as relevant to assigned material) by requiring that students demonstrate a basic understanding of and rationale for the Australian trade mark and patent law systems. Students are expected to develop skills of oral and written analysis on legal issues (LO7) and be able to comprehend and apply the law relating to trade marks and patents (LO4), including to content-specific legal problems (LO5). This task also requires students to further develop case analysis and statutory interpretation skills as they relate to the Trade Marks Act 1995 (Cth), Patents Act 1990 (Cth), and the Australian Consumer Law (LO6) as appropriate.

Short Release Mid Semester Assessment (30%):

The midterm assignment will be released Friday 22 March 5pm and is due Monday 25 March 5pm Sydney, Australian time. The word limit is 2,500 words, including footnotes. It must be submitted via Canvas.

This assessment task will be a problem question developed around the various issues involving the Australian trade mark system including both registered trade marks, the law of passing off, and the statutory protection of misleading and deceptive conduct all covered during weeks 1 to 5.

The assessment task will test students’ understanding of the relevant legal principles, case analysis and statutory interpretation in respect of the Australian trade mark system, including registered trade mark, passing off, and misleading and deceptive conducts. Students’ skill relating to the application of legal and judicial principles to hypothetical scenarios will also be assessed. The assignment is expected to enliven LOs 1, 3-7. 

 

Final Examination (50%):

The final examination will take place during the university formal examination period - the time and venue will be announced in due course. It will comprise one or more questions and may involve a mix of hypothetical problem question(s) and short essay question(s). Students will have 2 hours writing time plus 30 minutes reading time. The examination will be open book. Topics discussed in weeks 7, 8, 10, 11 and 12 are examinable.  

The examination will test students' ability to: answer content-specific legal problems through the provision of appropriate legal advice (LO5); demonstrate an understanding of the Australian patent system and its respective rationales (LO2, LO4) (including within the international patents framework); apply legal rules, construe statutory provisions and analyse relevant case laws vis-a-vis Australian patent system (LO2, LO3, LO6); and finally, acquire communicative skills about IP legal issues (LO7).  

 

Word limit penalty: A piece of assessment which exceeds the prescribed word limit will attract a penalty of 10% of the total marks available for the piece of assessment for every 100 words, or part thereof. The total word count stipulated for the midterm assessments is inclusive of footnotes.  

Use of editors or proof-readers: In completing unsupervised assessments, students may use editors, proof-readers, and automated writing tools (including translation software, grammar checkers, reference generators and artificial intelligence), provided that all use is acknowledged and consistent with University policies and procedures including Academic Integrity Policy. Acknowledgment must be made in writing on the front of the work submitted for assessment, or in an appropriate footnote or other reference, and state the name of the person or software.  

Attendance: All students are required to attend 70% of classes to satisfy the pass requirements for each unit of study. Failure to meet this requirement may result in a student being precluded from sitting the final assessment.  

For units offered in Intensive mode, participation in all scheduled sessions may be expected by a Unit Coordinator in order to satisfy the requirements of the unit.

Special consideration: Successful grants of Special Consideration may involve alternative tasks, as appropriate. 

Assessment requirements to pass a unit of study: A student must make a genuine attempt at all assessment tasks set out in this Unit of Study in order to obtain a Pass mark and grade (or above); otherwise an Absent Fail grade will be recorded as the student’s result for this Unit of Study. 

Assessment criteria

The University awards common result grades, set out in the Coursework Policy 2021 (Schedule 1). 

As a general guide, a high distinction indicates work of an exceptional standard, a distinction a very high standard, a credit a good standard, and a pass an acceptable standard.

Result name

Mark range

Description

High distinction

85 - 100

• Completely answers the question.
• Contains striking originality of approach or analysis.
• Demonstrates exhaustive or innovative research (where independent research
required).
• Exceptionally well written, structured and expressed.
• Is otherwise exceptional in some way.

Distinction

75 - 84

• Completely answers the question.
• Achieves a critical and evaluative approach to the issues.
• Content and structure is well organised in support of the argument.
• Demonstrates extensive research and analysis to support a well-documented
argument.
• Generally well expressed and free from errors.
• Has a clear structure and is well articulated.

Credit

65 - 74

• Covers main issues fairly well in answering the question.
• Contains no significant errors
• Demonstrates an attempted critical approach to the issues.
• Demonstrates reasonably sound research and analysis in addressing the key issues.
• Has a clear structure and reasonably clear expression.

Pass

50 - 64

• Identifies the key issues, but does not follow through with a reasoned argument.
• Contains some significant errors.
• Displays satisfactory engagement with the key issues.
• Offers descriptive summary of material relevant to the question.
• Superficial use of material, and may display a tendency to paraphrase.
• Demonstrates little evidence of in-depth research or analysis.
• Adequate expression.
• Overall, demonstrates the minimum level of competence in the assessment and
satisfies the requirements to proceed to higher-level studies in the degree or subject
area.

Fail

0 - 49

• Does not answer the question.
• Contains significant or numerous errors.
• Few or no identifiable arguments.
• Content that is inappropriate or irrelevant.
• Lack of research or analysis.
• Difficult or impossible to understand through poor grammar, expression or
structure.
• Overall, does not demonstrate the minimum level of competence in the
assessment.

For more information see sydney.edu.au/students/guide-to-grades

For more information see guide to grades.

Late submission

In accordance with University policy, these penalties apply when written work is submitted after 11:59pm on the due date:

  • Deduction of 5% of the maximum mark for each calendar day after the due date.
  • After ten calendar days late, a mark of zero will be awarded.

This unit has an exception to the standard University policy or supplementary information has been provided by the unit coordinator. This information is displayed below:

Midterm Assignment: For the midterm assignment, the late submission of a piece of assessment will attract a penalty of 10% of the total marks allocated to the piece of assessment per hour or part thereof. For example, if you submit your paper at 5.01pm on Monday, 25 March, you will be penalised 10%. Similarly, if you submit your paper at 6.01pm, you will be penalised 20%.

Academic integrity

The Current Student website  provides information on academic integrity and the resources available to all students. The University expects students and staff to act ethically and honestly and will treat all allegations of academic integrity breaches seriously.  

We use similarity detection software to detect potential instances of plagiarism or other forms of academic integrity breach. If such matches indicate evidence of plagiarism or other forms of academic integrity breaches, your teacher is required to report your work for further investigation.

You may only use artificial intelligence and writing assistance tools in assessment tasks if you are permitted to by your unit coordinator, and if you do use them, you must also acknowledge this in your work, either in a footnote or an acknowledgement section.

Studiosity is permitted for postgraduate units unless otherwise indicated by the unit coordinator. The use of this service must be acknowledged in your submission.

Simple extensions

If you encounter a problem submitting your work on time, you may be able to apply for an extension of five calendar days through a simple extension.  The application process will be different depending on the type of assessment and extensions cannot be granted for some assessment types like exams.

Special consideration

If exceptional circumstances mean you can’t complete an assessment, you need consideration for a longer period of time, or if you have essential commitments which impact your performance in an assessment, you may be eligible for special consideration or special arrangements.

Special consideration applications will not be affected by a simple extension application.

Using AI responsibly

Co-created with students, AI in Education includes lots of helpful examples of how students use generative AI tools to support their learning. It explains how generative AI works, the different tools available and how to use them responsibly and productively.

Support for students

The Support for Students Policy 2023 reflects the University’s commitment to supporting students in their academic journey and making the University safe for students. It is important that you read and understand this policy so that you are familiar with the range of support services available to you and understand how to engage with them.

The University uses email as its primary source of communication with students who need support under the Support for Students Policy 2023. Make sure you check your University email regularly and respond to any communications received from the University.

Learning resources and detailed information about weekly assessment and learning activities can be accessed via Canvas. It is essential that you visit your unit of study Canvas site to ensure you are up to date with all of your tasks.

If you are having difficulties completing your studies, or are feeling unsure about your progress, we are here to help. You can access the support services offered by the University at any time:

Support and Services (including health and wellbeing services, financial support and learning support)
Course planning and administration
Meet with an Academic Adviser

WK Topic Learning activity Learning outcomes
Week 01 Introduction to IP protection: nature of IP rights, justifications, protection within domestic and international landscapes. Seminar (2 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Passing Off I: background, options for protecting business reputation, establishing passing off (the classical trinity – goodwill/reputation) Seminar (2 hr) LO1 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Week 02 Passing Off II: Passing off II: establishing passing off (misrepresentation & damage), misleading & deceptive conduct (MDC), remedies. Seminar (2 hr) LO1 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Registered trade mark system: introduction, rationale for protection, protectable marks, trade mark registration process. Seminar (2 hr) LO1 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Week 03 Grounds of refusal (absolute I): lack of distinctiveness (geographical names, descriptive terms, coined phrases, slogans, foreign words, invented words, shapes, colours); acquired distinctiveness; losing distinctiveness. Seminar (2 hr) LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Grounds of refusal (absolute II): prohibited & prescribed signs, mark not graphically representable, scandalous & marks contrary to law, deceptive & confusing connotation, no intention to use, bad faith. Seminar (2 hr) LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Week 04 Grounds of refusal (relative I): proposed mark vs registered trade marks & prior applications. Seminar (2 hr) LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Grounds of refusal (relative II): proposed mark vs registered trade marks (the exceptions), marks with reputation, bad faith, applicant not owner of mark, mark contrary to law, deceptive & confusing connotations, false geographical indications. Seminar (2 hr) LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Week 05 Trade Mark Infringement: the essential elements (use as a trade mark, substantial identity & deceptive similarity, similar goods/services or goods or services of same description or closely-related goods or services); infringement of well-known trade marks; defences. Seminar (2 hr) LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Exploitation & loss of trade mark rights: trade mark rights, options for exploitation, when rights could be lost. Seminar (2 hr) LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Week 07 Introduction to patent protection: definition/nature of patent monopoly, justifications/criticisms, international & domestic landscapes, patent registration process, patent specification. Seminar (2 hr) LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Patentable subject-matter/Manner of manufacture inquiry I: the NRDC factors, application of tests in different fields of inventions (computer-implemented inventions) Seminar (2 hr) LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Week 08 Patentable subject-matter/Manner of manufacture inquiry II: other fields of invention (discoveries of known principles, products of nature, method of medical treatment of human body); combination patents; excluded subject-matter (comparative perspective) Seminar (2 hr) LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Patentability criteria I: assessment of novelty and inventive step/obviousness. Seminar (2 hr) LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Week 10 Patentability criteria II: inventive step/obviousness continued (expansion of prior art base, CGK, PSA, judicial application, APO approach); utility/usefulness; secret use. Seminar (2 hr) LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Patentability criteria III – internal requirements (sufficiency of disclosure, clarity of claims, fair-basing/support). Seminar (2 hr) LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Week 11 Ownership of inventions (including employees’ inventions); exploitation of patent rights; patent strategies (both pre-patent application and post-patent grant). Seminar (2 hr) LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Infringement (direct, indirect, innocent) and defences/exceptions; remedies. Seminar (2 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Week 12 Alternative form of protection: confidential information/trade secret (TRIPS, common law/Australian approaches); other jurisdictions (e.g., US, EU, Japan); defences. Seminar (2 hr) LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Revision/past assessment review - passing off/trade marks & patents. Seminar (2 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7

Attendance and class requirements

Attendance: All students are required to attend at least 70% of classes to satisfy the pass requirements for each unit of study. Failure to meet this requirement may result in a student being precluded from sitting the final assessment.

For units offered in Intensive mode, participation in all scheduled sessions may be expected by a Unit Coordinator in order to satisfy the requirements of the unit. 

Referencing: The Sydney Law School expects you to use the Australian Guide to Legal Citation (4th edition, 2018) for your footnoting style, although you should confirm this with your lecturer, and a link to the library website where this is set out comprehensively is available at Referencing and Citation Styles: AGLC4  

 

Study commitment

Typically, there is a minimum expectation of 1.5-2 hours of student effort per week per credit point for units of study offered over a full semester. For a 6 credit point unit, this equates to roughly 120-150 hours of student effort in total.

Required readings

The prescribed textbook is:

David Price, Colin Bodkin, and Fady Aoun, Intellectual Property: Cases and Materials, ThomsonReuters, 6th ed, 2017 (PBA).

As many of the rights you will be studying are creatures of statute, you will need to acquire the relevant legislation for each section of the unit of study. The legislation is usefully collected in the Butterworths Intellectual Property Collection (produced yearly). Students may choose to obtain access to the legislation via Federal Register of Legislation (Commonwealth Law; formerly comlaw.gov.au)  www.legislation.gov.au.  or www.austlii.edu.au. Whichever option you choose, make sure you have access to current legislation during class.

You must have copies of the current legislation published in book form or download a copy published after mid 2012 – that is, the copy you have must include the revisions enacted by Intellectual Property Laws Amendment (Raising the Bar) Act 2012, which had a significant impact on both the Patents Act 1990 (Cth) and the Trade Marks Act 1995 (Cth).

Other required reading materials will be listed in the Reading Guide which will be available on Canvas. 

Learning outcomes are what students know, understand and are able to do on completion of a unit of study. They are aligned with the University's graduate qualities and are assessed as part of the curriculum.

At the completion of this unit, you should be able to:

  • LO1. Understand and analyse the structure and regulation of the Australian registered and unregistered trademark systems their economic and social rationales, and the legal institutions which support them.
  • LO2. Understand and critically evaluate the Australian patent system, including its economic and social rationales, and the legal institutions which support it and/or alternate systems for protecting inventions.
  • LO3. Understand and critically assess the impact of international trademark and patent systems on Australian law.
  • LO4. Apply Australian law relating to trademarks (including passing off) and patents.
  • LO5. Apply appropriate legal skills and provide clear and relevant legal advice on complex legal problems related to trademarks and patents
  • LO6. Apply case analysis and statutory interpretation skills to specific acts and cases in IP law (Trade Marks Act 1995 (Cth), Patents Act 1990 (Cth), Australian Consumer Law and attendant cases).
  • LO7. Create logically structured written and oral legal arguments required to communicate IP legal issues to diverse audiences.

Graduate qualities

The graduate qualities are the qualities and skills that all University of Sydney graduates must demonstrate on successful completion of an award course. As a future Sydney graduate, the set of qualities have been designed to equip you for the contemporary world.

GQ1 Depth of disciplinary expertise

Deep disciplinary expertise is the ability to integrate and rigorously apply knowledge, understanding and skills of a recognised discipline defined by scholarly activity, as well as familiarity with evolving practice of the discipline.

GQ2 Critical thinking and problem solving

Critical thinking and problem solving are the questioning of ideas, evidence and assumptions in order to propose and evaluate hypotheses or alternative arguments before formulating a conclusion or a solution to an identified problem.

GQ3 Oral and written communication

Effective communication, in both oral and written form, is the clear exchange of meaning in a manner that is appropriate to audience and context.

GQ4 Information and digital literacy

Information and digital literacy is the ability to locate, interpret, evaluate, manage, adapt, integrate, create and convey information using appropriate resources, tools and strategies.

GQ5 Inventiveness

Generating novel ideas and solutions.

GQ6 Cultural competence

Cultural Competence is the ability to actively, ethically, respectfully, and successfully engage across and between cultures. In the Australian context, this includes and celebrates Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, knowledge systems, and a mature understanding of contemporary issues.

GQ7 Interdisciplinary effectiveness

Interdisciplinary effectiveness is the integration and synthesis of multiple viewpoints and practices, working effectively across disciplinary boundaries.

GQ8 Integrated professional, ethical, and personal identity

An integrated professional, ethical and personal identity is understanding the interaction between one’s personal and professional selves in an ethical context.

GQ9 Influence

Engaging others in a process, idea or vision.

Outcome map

Learning outcomes Graduate qualities
GQ1 GQ2 GQ3 GQ4 GQ5 GQ6 GQ7 GQ8 GQ9

This section outlines changes made to this unit following staff and student reviews.

A number of students in the Sem 1 2023 cohort suggested that practice scenario questions be used to drive the final revision seminar. This will be implemented for the upcoming semester. Other suggestions gleaned from the USS could not be implemented because they run contrary to express University rules/policies. This notwithstanding, the updated Reading Guide has clearly and specifically addressed why these changes (e.g., scrapping on-call, posting slides before seminars, etc.) could not be made.

Disclaimer

The University reserves the right to amend units of study or no longer offer certain units, including where there are low enrolment numbers.

To help you understand common terms that we use at the University, we offer an online glossary.