Unit outline_

LAWS6990: Principles of Oil and Gas Law

Intensive June - July, 2025 [Block mode] - Norway

Principles of Oil and Gas Law explores the distinctive legal issues presented by oil and gas exploration and production and examines the legal and regulatory responses of oil producing states. This unit also explains the international legal principles that apply within the sector and sets the Australian experience against a broad comparative background. For the first time in 2016, this unit will be offered in the home of the North Sea oil and gas industry, Stavanger, Norway. This unit will draw on the expertise of international experts in oil and gas law, as well as take advantage of our location with excursions to the Petroleum Museum, oil companies and government. On completion of the unit, participants should be able: to explain the specific legal problems posed by the physical characteristics of oil and gas; to identify different approaches to the resolution of those problems, their strengths and weaknesses; to identify and analyse the special issues presented by offshore oil and gas resources on the one hand, and onshore resources on the other; to compare the approaches of different states to the exploitation of their oil and gas resources, and the different legal vehicles used to support and control the involvement of private capital is involved in this task; to identify the problems that may arise at each stage of the exploration, production and disposition of oil and gas, and to analyse their legal solutions; to outline the legal approach to any special environmental and occupational safety problems posed by oil and gas operations; and to consider how legal regimes for oil and gas exploration and production may be evaluated in terms of political and legal risk.

Unit details and rules

Academic unit Law
Credit points 6
Prerequisites
? 
None
Corequisites
? 
None
Prohibitions
? 
None
Assumed knowledge
? 

None

Available to study abroad and exchange students

No

Teaching staff

Coordinator Penelope Crossley, penelope.crossley@sydney.edu.au
Lecturer(s) Penelope Crossley, penelope.crossley@sydney.edu.au
Kim Talus, kim.talus@sydney.edu.au
The census date for this unit availability is 4 July 2025
Type Description Weight Due Length
Participation Class and fieldwork participation (10%)
In-class participation and fieldwork activities
10% Ongoing Ongoing
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Short release assignment Short-release reflective journal (25%)
Reflective journal
25% Week 03
Due date: 07 Jul 2025 at 09:00

Closing date: 14 Jul 2025
1000 words / 5 working days
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Assignment Problem question (30%)
Written advice
30% Week 07
Due date: 04 Aug 2025 at 09:00

Closing date: 18 Aug 2025
2500 words / 4 weeks
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Short release assignment Short release assignment (35%)
Written task
35% Week 08
Due date: 15 Aug 2025 at 09:00

Closing date: 22 Aug 2025
3500 words / 5 working days
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7

Assessment summary

Class and fieldwork participation (10%): Students are expected to engage actively and thoughtfully in all scheduled in-class and fieldwork activities. Participation will be structured and assessed based on a combination of factors, including preparation for each session through engagement with assigned readings or materials; the quality and frequency of verbal contributions during discussions, group work, and practical exercises; and a demonstrated ability to work collaboratively and respectfully with peers. Students should also be able to apply theoretical concepts to observations and experiences during fieldwork and in-class tasks. At key points during the unit, as identified in the learning guide, students may be asked to provide brief written or verbal reflections on their participation and learning. This component is designed to support a collaborative learning environment and to encourage students to take an active role in their own learning and in the learning of others.

Short-release reflective journal (25%): Students are required to submit a reflective journal, which should focus on their fieldwork experiences and the lessons learned that are applicable to the Australian offshore energy sector. The reflective journal should be 1000 words in length. The task will be released on the first day of the unit (30 June 2025), is due at 9am on 7 July 2025, Sydney Australia time and students will have one week to complete and submit their journal. In the event that special consideration is granted, the replacement may take an alternative form of assessment, and could include a viva voce.

Problem question (30%): Students will be required to critically analyse a complex fact pattern, correctly identify the legal issues, apply the relevant laws and cases to the fact pattern and then advise their client of the optimal legal solution. The problem question will be released on the Canvas site on the last day of the unit (4 July 2025) and will cover a range of topics that have been covered during classes and the reading materials. A strict word count of 2500 words (including all footnotes) will be enforced. This assignment is due at 9am on 4 August 2025, Sydney Australia time. In the event that special consideration is granted, the replacement may take an alternative form of assessment, and could include a viva voce.

Short-release assignment (35%): The short-release assignment will consist of a number of short answer questions (under a page or so in length each) with no choice available, students are required to answer all questions. It will be released at 9am on 8 August 2025, Sydney Australia time. These topics will span different issues and controversies raised throughout the unit. This assignment is due at 9am on 15 August 2025, Sydney Australia time. A strict word count of 3500 words (including all footnotes) will be enforced. In the event that special consideration is granted, the replacement may take an alternative form of assessment, and could include a viva voce.

Word limit penalty: A piece of assessment which exceeds the prescribed word limit will attract a penalty of 10% of the total marks available for the piece of assessment for every 100 words, or part thereof. The total word count for essay and other written assessments will include footnote citation; body text; headings and sub-headings; quotations; anything other than numbers and citations in footnotes and exclude acknowledgements of assistance from editors, automated writing tools or generative AI (where use is permitted).

Use of editors or proof-readers: The use of assistance in preparing and editing assessment tasks in this unit of study is strictly prohibited. Assistance includes human and automated writing tools (not including spell checking). 

Assessment requirements to pass a unit of study: A student must make a genuine attempt at all assessment tasks set out in this Unit of Study in order to obtain a Pass mark and grade (or above); otherwise an Absent Fail grade will be recorded as the student’s result for this Unit of Study.

Assessment criteria

The University awards common result grades, set out in the Coursework Policy 2021 (Schedule 1). 

As a general guide, a high distinction indicates work of an exceptional standard, a distinction a very high standard, a credit a good standard, and a pass an acceptable standard. 

Result name 

Mark range 

Description 

High distinction 

85 - 100 

• Completely answers the question. 
• Contains striking originality of approach or analysis. 
• Demonstrates exhaustive or innovative research (where independent research 
required). 
• Exceptionally well written, structured and expressed. 
• Is otherwise exceptional in some way. 

Distinction 

75 - 84 

• Completely answers the question. 
• Achieves a critical and evaluative approach to the issues. 
• Content and structure is well organised in support of the argument. 
• Demonstrates extensive research and analysis to support a well-documented 
argument. 
• Generally well expressed and free from errors. 
• Has a clear structure and is well articulated. 

Credit 

65 - 74 

• Covers main issues fairly well in answering the question. 
• Contains no significant errors 
• Demonstrates an attempted critical approach to the issues. 
• Demonstrates reasonably sound research and analysis in addressing the key issues. 
• Has a clear structure and reasonably clear expression. 

Pass 

50 - 64 

• Identifies the key issues, but does not follow through with a reasoned argument. 
• Contains some significant errors. 
• Displays satisfactory engagement with the key issues. 
• Offers descriptive summary of material relevant to the question. 
• Superficial use of material, and may display a tendency to paraphrase. 
• Demonstrates little evidence of in-depth research or analysis. 
• Adequate expression. 
• Overall, demonstrates the minimum level of competence in the assessment and 
satisfies the requirements to proceed to higher-level studies in the degree or subject 
area. 

Fail 

0 - 49 

• Does not answer the question. 
• Contains significant or numerous errors. 
• Few or no identifiable arguments. 
• Content that is inappropriate or irrelevant. 
• Lack of research or analysis. 
• Difficult or impossible to understand through poor grammar, expression or 
structure. 
• Overall, does not demonstrate the minimum level of competence in the 
assessment. 

For more information see Guide to Grades. 

 

For more information see guide to grades.

Use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and automated writing tools

Except for supervised exams or in-semester tests, you may use generative AI and automated writing tools in assessments unless expressly prohibited by your unit coordinator. 

For exams and in-semester tests, the use of AI and automated writing tools is not allowed unless expressly permitted in the assessment instructions. 

The icons in the assessment table above indicate whether AI is allowed – whether full AI, or only some AI (the latter is referred to as “AI restricted”). If no icon is shown, AI use is not permitted at all for the task. Refer to Canvas for full instructions on assessment tasks for this unit. 

Your final submission must be your own, original work. You must acknowledge any use of automated writing tools or generative AI, and any material generated that you include in your final submission must be properly referenced. You may be required to submit generative AI inputs and outputs that you used during your assessment process, or drafts of your original work. Inappropriate use of generative AI is considered a breach of the Academic Integrity Policy and penalties may apply. 

The Current Students website provides information on artificial intelligence in assessments. For help on how to correctly acknowledge the use of AI, please refer to the  AI in Education Canvas site

Late submission

In accordance with University policy, these penalties apply when written work is submitted after 11:59pm on the due date:

  • Deduction of 5% of the maximum mark for each calendar day after the due date.
  • After ten calendar days late, a mark of zero will be awarded.

This unit has an exception to the standard University policy or supplementary information has been provided by the unit coordinator. This information is displayed below:

The late submission of a piece of assessment, without an approved extension, will attract a penalty of 10% of the total marks available for the piece of assessment per calendar day or part thereof. For example, a submission after the due time specified in the assessment summary but by 11:59pm on the due date will attract a 10% penalty. A submission after midnight of the due date will attract a 20% penalty. A submission on the following day after midnight will attract a 30% penalty, and so on. Penalties for late submission will be applied strictly, subject to a 5 minute grace period.

Academic integrity

The Current Student website provides information on academic integrity and the resources available to all students. The University expects students and staff to act ethically and honestly and will treat all allegations of academic integrity breaches seriously.

We use similarity detection software to detect potential instances of plagiarism or other forms of academic integrity breach. If such matches indicate evidence of plagiarism or other forms of academic integrity breaches, your teacher is required to report your work for further investigation.

Simple extensions

If you encounter a problem submitting your work on time, you may be able to apply for an extension of five calendar days through a simple extension.  The application process will be different depending on the type of assessment and extensions cannot be granted for some assessment types like exams.

Special consideration

If exceptional circumstances mean you can’t complete an assessment, you need consideration for a longer period of time, or if you have essential commitments which impact your performance in an assessment, you may be eligible for special consideration or special arrangements.

Special consideration applications will not be affected by a simple extension application.

Using AI responsibly

Co-created with students, AI in Education includes lots of helpful examples of how students use generative AI tools to support their learning. It explains how generative AI works, the different tools available and how to use them responsibly and productively.

Support for students

The Support for Students Policy reflects the University’s commitment to supporting students in their academic journey and making the University safe for students. It is important that you read and understand this policy so that you are familiar with the range of support services available to you and understand how to engage with them.

The University uses email as its primary source of communication with students who need support under the Support for Students Policy. Make sure you check your University email regularly and respond to any communications received from the University.

Learning resources and detailed information about weekly assessment and learning activities can be accessed via Canvas. It is essential that you visit your unit of study Canvas site to ensure you are up to date with all of your tasks.

If you are having difficulties completing your studies, or are feeling unsure about your progress, we are here to help. You can access the support services offered by the University at any time:

Support and Services (including health and wellbeing services, financial support and learning support)
Course planning and administration
Meet with an Academic Adviser

WK Topic Learning activity Learning outcomes
Week 02 1. Introduction to petroleum law; 2. Ownership of petroleum and rights of exploitation; 3. Norwegian approaches to regulation; 4. State petroleum regimes: functions and structure Seminar (6.5 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3
1. The history of Norwegian oil and gas sector; 2. Comparative approaches to petroleum regulation: Australia and Norway compared; 3. Current developments in Norwegian oil and gas sector; 4. Health, safety, the environment and corporate social responsibility; 5. Lessons learnt from significant accidents within the oil and gas sector Seminar (6.5 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3
1. Gas monetisation and long-term gas contracts; 2. Upstream oil and gas and antitrust law; 3. Termination of titles and its aftermath; 4. Equinor's transition to an energy company and legal issues Seminar (6.5 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6
1. Disputes and their avoidance in the oil and gas sector; 2. International maritime boundary disputes; 3. Pooling and unitisation; 4. Decommissioning Seminar (6.5 hr) LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7

Attendance and class requirements

Attendance: All students are required to attend 100% of classes to satisfy the pass requirements for this unit. Failure to meet this requirement will result in an Absent Fail grade being recorded as the student’s result for this unit (see The University of Sydney Law School Resolutions: Coursework Awards cl 11). 

Referencing: The Sydney Law School expects you to use the Australian Guide to Legal Citation (4th edition, 2018) for your footnoting style, although you should confirm this with your lecturer. A link to the library website where this is set out comprehensively is available at Referencing and Citation Styles: AGLC4. 

 

Study commitment

Typically, there is a minimum expectation of 1.5-2 hours of student effort per week per credit point for units of study offered over a full semester. For a 6 credit point unit, this equates to roughly 120-150 hours of student effort in total.

Required readings

All readings for this unit can be accessed through the Canvas site under 'Reading List'.

  • Tina Hunter and John Chandler, Australian Petroleum Law, (LexisNexis, 2021) (“Hunter and Chandler”)

Learning outcomes are what students know, understand and are able to do on completion of a unit of study. They are aligned with the University's graduate qualities and are assessed as part of the curriculum.

At the completion of this unit, you should be able to:

  • LO1. explain the specific legal problems posed by the physical characteristics of oil and gas
  • LO2. critically evaluate the different approaches to the resolution of those problems, including their strengths and weaknesses
  • LO3. compare and contrast the special issues presented by offshore oil and gas resources on the one hand, and onshore resources on the other
  • LO4. critically analyse the approaches of different states to the exploitation of their oil and gas resources, and the different legal vehicles used to support and control the involvement of private capital which is involved in this task
  • LO5. identify the problems that may arise at each stage of the exploration, production and disposition of oil and gas, and devise appropriate legal solutions to address them
  • LO6. outline the legal approach to any special environmental and occupational safety problems posed by oil and gas operations
  • LO7. interrogate how legal regimes for oil and gas exploration and production may be evaluated in terms of political and legal risk.

Graduate qualities

The graduate qualities are the qualities and skills that all University of Sydney graduates must demonstrate on successful completion of an award course. As a future Sydney graduate, the set of qualities have been designed to equip you for the contemporary world.

GQ1 Depth of disciplinary expertise

Deep disciplinary expertise is the ability to integrate and rigorously apply knowledge, understanding and skills of a recognised discipline defined by scholarly activity, as well as familiarity with evolving practice of the discipline.

GQ2 Critical thinking and problem solving

Critical thinking and problem solving are the questioning of ideas, evidence and assumptions in order to propose and evaluate hypotheses or alternative arguments before formulating a conclusion or a solution to an identified problem.

GQ3 Oral and written communication

Effective communication, in both oral and written form, is the clear exchange of meaning in a manner that is appropriate to audience and context.

GQ4 Information and digital literacy

Information and digital literacy is the ability to locate, interpret, evaluate, manage, adapt, integrate, create and convey information using appropriate resources, tools and strategies.

GQ5 Inventiveness

Generating novel ideas and solutions.

GQ6 Cultural competence

Cultural Competence is the ability to actively, ethically, respectfully, and successfully engage across and between cultures. In the Australian context, this includes and celebrates Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, knowledge systems, and a mature understanding of contemporary issues.

GQ7 Interdisciplinary effectiveness

Interdisciplinary effectiveness is the integration and synthesis of multiple viewpoints and practices, working effectively across disciplinary boundaries.

GQ8 Integrated professional, ethical, and personal identity

An integrated professional, ethical and personal identity is understanding the interaction between one’s personal and professional selves in an ethical context.

GQ9 Influence

Engaging others in a process, idea or vision.

Outcome map

Learning outcomes Graduate qualities
GQ1 GQ2 GQ3 GQ4 GQ5 GQ6 GQ7 GQ8 GQ9

This section outlines changes made to this unit following staff and student reviews.

Assessment has been changed.

Work, health and safety

Please bring a pair of closed toe shoes with you so that you can safely participate in excursions to the Petroleum Environment and Safety Authority and the Petroleum Directorate. **Students who fail to wear appropriate footwear and clothing may be precluded from entering these facilities at the sole discretion of the host/Unit of Study Coordinator). 

Disclaimer

The University reserves the right to amend units of study or no longer offer certain units, including where there are low enrolment numbers.

To help you understand common terms that we use at the University, we offer an online glossary.