Outline

Unit code	MRSC5013
Academic unit	Clinical Imaging
Credit points	6
Prohibitions ?	None
Prerequisites ?	MRSC5005
Corequisites ?	None
Assumed knowledge ?	None
Available to study abroad and exchange students	No

Coordinator	Nicola Giannotti, nicola.giannotti@sydney.edu.au
Lecturer(s)	Nicola Giannotti, nicola.giannotti@sydney.edu.au
Yobelli Jimenez, yobelli.jimenez@sydney.edu.au

Type	Description	Weight	Due	Length
Supervised test ?	UoS exam Multiple Choice Questionnaire (content assessed: week 1 -9).	50%	Week 10 Due date: 02 May 2023 at 09:00	1 hour
Outcomes assessed:
Assignment	Literature review Group-work essay: literature search.	50%	Week 13 Due date: 26 May 2023 at 17:00 Closing date: 26 May 2023	5000 words
Outcomes assessed:
= hurdle task ? = group assignment ?

Result name	Mark range	Description
High distinction	85 - 100
Distinction	75 - 84
Credit	65 - 74
Pass	50 - 64
Fail	0 - 49	When you don’t meet the learning outcomes of the unit to a satisfactory standard.

WK	Topic	Learning activity
Week 01	Introduction to the UoS and contrast media	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 02	Gastrointestinal and hepato-biliary imaging	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 03	AI and novel imaging technologies	Lecture and tutorial (4 hr)
Week 04	CNS Imaging and Pathology 1	Lecture and tutorial (4 hr)
Week 05	CNS Imaging and Pathology 2	Lecture and tutorial (4 hr)
Week 06	Spine imaging	Lecture and tutorial (4 hr)
Week 07	Musculoskeletal Imaging	Lecture and tutorial (4 hr)
Week 08	Radiation protection	Lecture (2 hr)
Week 09	Self-study - revision	Lecture and tutorial (4 hr)
Week 10	Multiple Choice Questionnaire (MCQ)	Performance (1 hr)

Learning outcomes are what students know, understand and are able to do on completion of a unit of study. They are aligned with the University's graduate qualities and are assessed as part of the curriculum.

At the completion of this unit, you should be able to:

LO1. Understand the principles of contrast media (CM) and contextualise the correct use of a variety of CMs in vascular, gastro-intestinal and CNS imaging.
LO2. Critically review the underpinning principles for correct diagnostic imaging practice across different anatomical areas and organs including the gastrointestinal and hepato-biliary systems, central nervous system, spine and selected musculoskeletal areas.
LO3. Understand the basics of novel detecting technologies, artificial intelligence and deep learning models used across different diagnostic imaging applications.
LO4. Analyse the requirements of applying radiation protection and health and safety regulations to the diagnostic investigations.
LO5. Critically reflect the fundamentals of a large range of selected imaging conditions using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), x-ray and positron emission tomography (PET).
LO6. Consolidate knowledge of abdomen, hepato-biliary, spine and CNS cross sectional anatomy.

Graduate qualities

The graduate qualities are the qualities and skills that all University of Sydney graduates must demonstrate on successful completion of an award course. As a future Sydney graduate, the set of qualities have been designed to equip you for the contemporary world.

GQ1	Depth of disciplinary expertise Deep disciplinary expertise is the ability to integrate and rigorously apply knowledge, understanding and skills of a recognised discipline defined by scholarly activity, as well as familiarity with evolving practice of the discipline.
GQ2	Critical thinking and problem solving Critical thinking and problem solving are the questioning of ideas, evidence and assumptions in order to propose and evaluate hypotheses or alternative arguments before formulating a conclusion or a solution to an identified problem.
GQ3	Oral and written communication Effective communication, in both oral and written form, is the clear exchange of meaning in a manner that is appropriate to audience and context.
GQ4	Information and digital literacy Information and digital literacy is the ability to locate, interpret, evaluate, manage, adapt, integrate, create and convey information using appropriate resources, tools and strategies.
GQ5	Inventiveness Generating novel ideas and solutions.
GQ6	Cultural competence Cultural Competence is the ability to actively, ethically, respectfully, and successfully engage across and between cultures. In the Australian context, this includes and celebrates Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, knowledge systems, and a mature understanding of contemporary issues.
GQ7	Interdisciplinary effectiveness Interdisciplinary effectiveness is the integration and synthesis of multiple viewpoints and practices, working effectively across disciplinary boundaries.
GQ8	Integrated professional, ethical, and personal identity An integrated professional, ethical and personal identity is understanding the interaction between one’s personal and professional selves in an ethical context.
GQ9	Influence Engaging others in a process, idea or vision.

Outcome map

Learning outcomes	Graduate qualities
Learning outcomes

Alignment with Competency standards

Outcomes	Competency standards
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1.a. Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the human body to practice. 1.1.b. Apply knowledge of the scientific explanations underpinning disease and injuries affecting the human body to enable delivery of safe, high-quality examinations/treatment. 1.1.c. Identify anatomical structures and physiological processes, injuries and diseases of the human body in medical images. 1.10.d. Use standard techniques/images and equipment for the body area being examined and, where appropriate, modify them to consider the patient/client presentation and clinical indications. 1.2.e. Manage clinical information (information and images) appropriately and consider the workflow between the different clinical information management systems. 1.3. Understand and apply the different methods of imaging and treatment. 1.3.a. Understand the different imaging and treatment pathways in medical radiation practice. 1.3.b. Understand the modalities and equipment used in the different imaging and treatment pathways across medical radiation practice. 1.3.c. Understand use of CT, MRI and PET in the localisation of a range of cancer sites, patient/client presentations and related planning procedures. 1.4. Confirm the procedure according to clinical indicators. 1.4.a. Understand the patient’s/client’s clinical history, referral and current medical information to confirm the requested or prescribed procedure is appropriate, drawing on knowledge of other imaging and treatment pathways. 1.4.b. Determine the appropriate imaging and/or treatment protocols and priorities, which consider the information collected during the interaction with the patient/client and knowledge of imaging and/or treatment options. 1.4.c. Adapt the requested examination/treatment to an individual patient/client considering available clinical information. 1.5.b. Identify patient/client preparation requirements. 1.5.c. Identify patients/clients most at risk, including pregnant women and the foetus, breastfeeding mothers and their children. 1.5.e. Identify contraindications and limitations of medical radiation services, determine appropriate adjustments to procedures. 1.5.f. Perform patient/client assessment and medical radiation examination/treatment in accordance with the patient/client need and choice, legislation, registration standards, codes and guidelines. 1.6.a. Consider the limitations/restrictions in the use of techniques and devices for reproducibility of procedures concerning the patient’s/client’s condition and presentation. 1.7.b. Apply quality criteria to assure image quality, evaluate medical images and identify any urgent and/or unexpected findings. 1.8. Apply knowledge of safe and effective use of medicines. 1.8.a. Apply the principles of safe and effective use of medicines to practice. 1.8.b. Recognise the risks, precautions and contraindications of the use of medicines, informed by the patient’s/client’s current pathology status. 1.8.c. Apply knowledge of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and the potential range of reactions to medicines. 1.9.c. Select equipment and imaging parameters relevant to the patient/client presentation and where appropriate, modify imaging parameters to achieve optimal diagnostic outcomes. 1A.1.d. Select appropriate equipment, receptor type and set equipment geometry for the examination. 1A.1.f. Critically evaluate images against radiographic criteria including assessment of exposure index, field of view and anatomical rotation. 1A.2. Perform fluoroscopy and angiography examinations in a range of settings. 1A.2.b. Effectively communicate with the multidisciplinary team as the imaging request, patient history and previous medical images are reviewed, the patient is assessed to receive care and the procedure is planned. 1A.2.c. Prepare the patient/client for the examination, including positioning the patient/client for the best diagnostic outcome. (1A.2) 1A.2.d. Apply knowledge of equipment geometry for procedures. 1A.2.e. Apply knowledge of imaging acquisition modes and radiation dose rates. 1A.2.g. Prepare the patient/client and delivery systems with the appropriate contrast media using aseptic techniques. 1A.2.h. Apply knowledge of medical equipment and prostheses used in the angiography and operating theatre setting. 1A.3.b. Apply appropriate imaging parameters for the patient/client presentation. 1A.3.c. Adjust relative radiation dose levels based on the range of patient/client presentations. Domain 2.1.a. Understand and comply with legal responsibilities. Domain 2.1.g. Practice the basic principles underpinning bio-ethics in medical radiation practice and recognise and respond appropriately to ethical issues encountered in practice. Domain 2.1.h. Exercise appropriate levels of autonomy and professional judgement in a variety of medical radiation practice settings. Domain 2.3.a. Make appropriate professional decisions about the care of patients. Domain 2.3.b. Recognise and respond appropriately to unsafe or unprofessional practice. Domain 3.1.c. Convey knowledge and procedural information in ways that create trust and confidence and respects the patient/client’s confidentiality, privacy and dignity. Domain 3.1.h. Obtain informed consent, explaining the purpose, risks and benefits of the proposed examination/treatment. Domain 3.2.b. Understand, acknowledge and respect the roles and responsibilities of healthcare team members and other service providers, and work effectively and collaboratively with them. Domain 3.2.c. Follow accepted protocols and procedures to provide relevant and timely verbal and written communication. Domain 3.2.d. Make recommendations to other members of the healthcare team about the suitability and application of the proposed medical radiation examination/treatment, when appropriate. Domain 4.1.a. Identify the challenge or question and the information that is needed to respond. Domain 4.1.b. Find, critically appraise, interpret and apply best available research evidence to inform clinical reasoning and professional decision-making. Domain 4.1.c. Provide evidence-informed patient/client-centred care by carefully considering the purpose of the proposed examination/treatment, reviewing existing protocols and methods, reflecting on clinical challenges or experiences and integrating knowledge and findings into practice. Domain 4.1.d. Recognise opportunities to contribute to the development of new knowledge through research and enquiry. Domain 4.2.a. Comply with legal and professional responsibilities to complete CPD. Domain 5.1.e. Review the referral and associated examinations/treatment prescription to ensure appropriate justification, limitation and optimisation. Domain 5.1.g. Recognise and report on near misses and their consequences, in addition to adverse events and relevant contributing factors. Domain 5.2.a. Follow patient/client identification procedures to confirm the correct match of the patient/client with the intended examination/treatment and the correct anatomical site. Domain 5.2.b. Review, communicate, record and manage patient/client information accurately, consistent with protocols, procedures and legislative requirements for maintaining patient/client records. Domain 5.2.e. Apply relevant quality frameworks to practice. National Safety and Quality Health Service - 2. Partnering with Consumers Standard 4. Medication Safety Standard 6. Communicating for Safety Standard
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1. Apply knowledge of anatomy, physiology and pathology to practice. 1.1.a. Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the human body to practice. 1.1.b. Apply knowledge of the scientific explanations underpinning disease and injuries affecting the human body to enable delivery of safe, high-quality examinations/treatment. 1.1.c. Identify anatomical structures and physiological processes, injuries and diseases of the human body in medical images. 1.10.d. Use standard techniques/images and equipment for the body area being examined and, where appropriate, modify them to consider the patient/client presentation and clinical indications. 1.10.f. Document the real-time examination and evaluate findings. 1.2.e. Manage clinical information (information and images) appropriately and consider the workflow between the different clinical information management systems. 1.2.g. Ensure clinical information is made available to the appropriate persons involved in the care of the patient. 1.3.a. Understand the different imaging and treatment pathways in medical radiation practice. 1.3.b. Understand the modalities and equipment used in the different imaging and treatment pathways across medical radiation practice. 1.3.c. Understand use of CT, MRI and PET in the localisation of a range of cancer sites, patient/client presentations and related planning procedures. 1.4.a. Understand the patient’s/client’s clinical history, referral and current medical information to confirm the requested or prescribed procedure is appropriate, drawing on knowledge of other imaging and treatment pathways. 1.4.b. Determine the appropriate imaging and/or treatment protocols and priorities, which consider the information collected during the interaction with the patient/client and knowledge of imaging and/or treatment options. 1.4.c. Adapt the requested examination/treatment to an individual patient/client considering available clinical information. 1.5.a. Identify factors or conditions that may affect the patient’s/client’s behaviour and/or capacity to provide informed consent and undergo the procedure and triage patients/clients when needed. 1.5.b. Identify patient/client preparation requirements. 1.5.c. Identify patients/clients most at risk, including pregnant women and the foetus, breastfeeding mothers and their children. 1.5.d. Select appropriate equipment and triage patients/clients according to their clinical presentation, national standards and other factors. 1.5.e. Identify contraindications and limitations of medical radiation services, determine appropriate adjustments to procedures. 1.6.a. Consider the limitations/restrictions in the use of techniques and devices for reproducibility of procedures concerning the patient’s/client’s condition and presentation. 1.6.b. Identify the type and method of stabilisation needed for the type and purpose of the procedure and the patient/client condition and presentation. 1.7.b. Apply quality criteria to assure image quality, evaluate medical images and identify any urgent and/or unexpected findings. 1.7.c. If the practitioner identifies any urgent or unexpected findings, take appropriate and timely action to ensure the immediate management of the patient/client. 1.8.a. Apply the principles of safe and effective use of medicines to practice. 1.8.b. Recognise the risks, precautions and contraindications of the use of medicines, informed by the patient’s/client’s current pathology status. 1.8.c. Apply knowledge of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and the potential range of reactions to medicines. 1.8.d. Safely and effectively deliver medicine to patients/clients, in accordance with procedures. 1.8.e. Actively monitor the effects of medication and manage adverse reactions to medicines, in accordance with protocols. 1.9.c. Select equipment and imaging parameters relevant to the patient/client presentation and where appropriate, modify imaging parameters to achieve optimal diagnostic outcomes. 1A.1.d. Select appropriate equipment, receptor type and set equipment geometry for the examination. 1A.1.e. Perform image post-processing techniques. 1A.1.f. Critically evaluate images against radiographic criteria including assessment of exposure index, field of view and anatomical rotation. 1A.2.c. Prepare the patient/client for the examination, including positioning the patient/client for the best diagnostic outcome. (1A.2) 1A.2.d. Apply knowledge of equipment geometry for procedures. 1A.2.e. Apply knowledge of imaging acquisition modes and radiation dose rates. 1A.2.h. Apply knowledge of medical equipment and prostheses used in the angiography and operating theatre setting. 1A.3.b. Apply appropriate imaging parameters for the patient/client presentation. 1A.3.c. Adjust relative radiation dose levels based on the range of patient/client presentations. 1A.3.d. Collaborate in the design and evaluation of CT protocols. Domain 2.1.a. Understand and comply with legal responsibilities. Domain 2.1.c. Understand mandatory reporting obligations and the grounds for a voluntary notification. Domain 2.1.f. Apply knowledge of the Australian healthcare system to practice. Domain 2.1.g. Practice the basic principles underpinning bio-ethics in medical radiation practice and recognise and respond appropriately to ethical issues encountered in practice. Domain 2.1.h. Exercise appropriate levels of autonomy and professional judgement in a variety of medical radiation practice settings. Domain 2.2.a. Recognise and evaluate the socio-cultural factors that may influence patient/client attitudes and responses to medical radiation services. Domain 2.2.b. Apply the principles of cultural competence and culturally safe care to practice. Domain 2.2.c. Display appropriate professional behaviour in patient/client interactions. Domain 2.2.d. Identify and respect appropriate boundaries between patients/clients and health professionals. Domain 2.3.a. Make appropriate professional decisions about the care of patients. Domain 2.3.b. Recognise and respond appropriately to unsafe or unprofessional practice. Domain 3.1.c. Convey knowledge and procedural information in ways that create trust and confidence and respects the patient/client’s confidentiality, privacy and dignity. Domain 3.1.h. Obtain informed consent, explaining the purpose, risks and benefits of the proposed examination/treatment. Domain 3.2.b. Understand, acknowledge and respect the roles and responsibilities of healthcare team members and other service providers, and work effectively and collaboratively with them. Domain 3.2.c. Follow accepted protocols and procedures to provide relevant and timely verbal and written communication. Domain 3.2.d. Make recommendations to other members of the healthcare team about the suitability and application of the proposed medical radiation examination/treatment, when appropriate. Domain 4.1.a. Identify the challenge or question and the information that is needed to respond. Domain 4.1.b. Find, critically appraise, interpret and apply best available research evidence to inform clinical reasoning and professional decision-making. Domain 4.1.c. Provide evidence-informed patient/client-centred care by carefully considering the purpose of the proposed examination/treatment, reviewing existing protocols and methods, reflecting on clinical challenges or experiences and integrating knowledge and findings into practice. Domain 4.1.d. Recognise opportunities to contribute to the development of new knowledge through research and enquiry. Domain 4.2.a. Comply with legal and professional responsibilities to complete CPD. Domain 5.1.b. Practice in accordance with relevant radiation safety guidelines. Domain 5.1.c. Apply knowledge of radiobiology and medical radiation physics to examinations/treatment. Domain 5.1.d. Apply knowledge of radiobiology and radiation dose adjustment to deliver safe and effective patient/client outcomes. Domain 5.1.e. Review the referral and associated examinations/treatment prescription to ensure appropriate justification, limitation and optimisation. Domain 5.1.f. Identify radiation risks and implement effective and appropriate risk management systems and procedures. Domain 5.1.g. Recognise and report on near misses and their consequences, in addition to adverse events and relevant contributing factors. Domain 5.2.a. Follow patient/client identification procedures to confirm the correct match of the patient/client with the intended examination/treatment and the correct anatomical site. Domain 5.2.b. Review, communicate, record and manage patient/client information accurately, consistent with protocols, procedures and legislative requirements for maintaining patient/client records. Domain 5.2.c. Identify and manage risks associated with patient/client transfer. Domain 5.2.d. Identify and manage risk of infection, including during aseptic procedures. Domain 5.2.e. Apply relevant quality frameworks to practice. Domain 5.4.c. Manage the environmental risks of manufactured radiation and radioactivity. Domain 5.4.d. Identify, confirm and implement methods of radiation management. Domain 5.4.e. Use safe and legal methods for managing manufactured radiation sources, including using appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment and complying with shielding requirements. Domain 5.4.f. Use safe and legal methods for storing and disposing radioactive material and identify and minimise occupancy risks about proximity of radiation and radioactive storage. Domain 5.4.g. Provide information on radiation-related hazards and control measures to others in the workplace.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.10.c. Apply knowledge of cross-sectional anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology, haemodynamic and sonographic appearances of normal and abnormal anatomy. 1.10.f. Document the real-time examination and evaluate findings. 1.2. Use clinical information management systems appropriately. 1.2.a. Understand and comply with legislative responsibilities about data privacy, the ownership, storage, retention and destruction of patient/client records and other practice documentation. 1.2.d. Identify and respond appropriately when clinical information is incorrectly associated with the identity of a patient/client and/or examination/treatment. 1.2.e. Manage clinical information (information and images) appropriately and consider the workflow between the different clinical information management systems. 1.2.f. Respond appropriately to data errors and/or system failures. 1.2.g. Ensure clinical information is made available to the appropriate persons involved in the care of the patient. 1.3.b. Understand the modalities and equipment used in the different imaging and treatment pathways across medical radiation practice. 1.3.c. Understand use of CT, MRI and PET in the localisation of a range of cancer sites, patient/client presentations and related planning procedures. 1.3.d. Operate equipment and apply knowledge of laboratory procedures to practice when necessary. 1.4.a. Understand the patient’s/client’s clinical history, referral and current medical information to confirm the requested or prescribed procedure is appropriate, drawing on knowledge of other imaging and treatment pathways. 1.4.b. Determine the appropriate imaging and/or treatment protocols and priorities, which consider the information collected during the interaction with the patient/client and knowledge of imaging and/or treatment options. 1.5.d. Select appropriate equipment and triage patients/clients according to their clinical presentation, national standards and other factors. 1.5.e. Identify contraindications and limitations of medical radiation services, determine appropriate adjustments to procedures. 1.7.b. Apply quality criteria to assure image quality, evaluate medical images and identify any urgent and/or unexpected findings. 1.7.c. If the practitioner identifies any urgent or unexpected findings, take appropriate and timely action to ensure the immediate management of the patient/client. 1.9.c. Select equipment and imaging parameters relevant to the patient/client presentation and where appropriate, modify imaging parameters to achieve optimal diagnostic outcomes. 1.9.d. Collaborate in the design and evaluation of MRI protocols. 1.9.f. Process image data sets. 1A.1.d. Select appropriate equipment, receptor type and set equipment geometry for the examination. 1A.1.e. Perform image post-processing techniques. 1A.1.f. Critically evaluate images against radiographic criteria including assessment of exposure index, field of view and anatomical rotation. 1A.1.g. Collaborate in the design and evaluation of projection radiography protocols. 1A.2.d. Apply knowledge of equipment geometry for procedures. 1A.2.e. Apply knowledge of imaging acquisition modes and radiation dose rates. 1A.2.f. Perform image post-processing techniques. (1A.2) 1A.2.i. Collaborate in the design and evaluation of fluoroscopy and angiography protocols. 1A.3.c. Adjust relative radiation dose levels based on the range of patient/client presentations. 1A.3.d. Collaborate in the design and evaluation of CT protocols. Domain 2.1.c. Understand mandatory reporting obligations and the grounds for a voluntary notification. Domain 2.1.f. Apply knowledge of the Australian healthcare system to practice. Domain 2.1.g. Practice the basic principles underpinning bio-ethics in medical radiation practice and recognise and respond appropriately to ethical issues encountered in practice. Domain 2.1.h. Exercise appropriate levels of autonomy and professional judgement in a variety of medical radiation practice settings. Domain 2.2.c. Display appropriate professional behaviour in patient/client interactions. Domain 2.2.d. Identify and respect appropriate boundaries between patients/clients and health professionals. Domain 2.3. Take responsibility and accountability for professional decisions. Domain 2.3.a. Make appropriate professional decisions about the care of patients. Domain 2.3.b. Recognise and respond appropriately to unsafe or unprofessional practice. Domain 2.3.c. Integrate organisational policies and guidelines with professional standards and apply to practice. Domain 3.1.c. Convey knowledge and procedural information in ways that create trust and confidence and respects the patient/client’s confidentiality, privacy and dignity. Domain 3.2.c. Follow accepted protocols and procedures to provide relevant and timely verbal and written communication. Domain 3.2.d. Make recommendations to other members of the healthcare team about the suitability and application of the proposed medical radiation examination/treatment, when appropriate. Domain 4.1.b. Find, critically appraise, interpret and apply best available research evidence to inform clinical reasoning and professional decision-making. Domain 4.1.c. Provide evidence-informed patient/client-centred care by carefully considering the purpose of the proposed examination/treatment, reviewing existing protocols and methods, reflecting on clinical challenges or experiences and integrating knowledge and findings into practice. Domain 4.1.d. Recognise opportunities to contribute to the development of new knowledge through research and enquiry. Domain 5.1.e. Review the referral and associated examinations/treatment prescription to ensure appropriate justification, limitation and optimisation. Domain 5.2.a. Follow patient/client identification procedures to confirm the correct match of the patient/client with the intended examination/treatment and the correct anatomical site. Domain 5.2.b. Review, communicate, record and manage patient/client information accurately, consistent with protocols, procedures and legislative requirements for maintaining patient/client records.
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1.b. Apply knowledge of the scientific explanations underpinning disease and injuries affecting the human body to enable delivery of safe, high-quality examinations/treatment. 1.10.d. Use standard techniques/images and equipment for the body area being examined and, where appropriate, modify them to consider the patient/client presentation and clinical indications. 1.10.f. Document the real-time examination and evaluate findings. 1.2. Use clinical information management systems appropriately. 1.2.b. Use clinical information management systems to accurately record patient/client history and any examination/treatment provided to the patient/client, ensuring that the correct examination/treatment is associated with the correct patient. 1.2.c. Ensure that stored clinical information (information and images) is associated with the correct patient/client and examination/treatment. 1.2.e. Manage clinical information (information and images) appropriately and consider the workflow between the different clinical information management systems. 1.2.f. Respond appropriately to data errors and/or system failures. 1.2.g. Ensure clinical information is made available to the appropriate persons involved in the care of the patient. 1.3.a. Understand the different imaging and treatment pathways in medical radiation practice. 1.3.b. Understand the modalities and equipment used in the different imaging and treatment pathways across medical radiation practice. 1.3.d. Operate equipment and apply knowledge of laboratory procedures to practice when necessary. 1.4. Confirm the procedure according to clinical indicators. 1.4.b. Determine the appropriate imaging and/or treatment protocols and priorities, which consider the information collected during the interaction with the patient/client and knowledge of imaging and/or treatment options. 1.4.c. Adapt the requested examination/treatment to an individual patient/client considering available clinical information. 1.5.c. Identify patients/clients most at risk, including pregnant women and the foetus, breastfeeding mothers and their children. 1.5.d. Select appropriate equipment and triage patients/clients according to their clinical presentation, national standards and other factors. 1.5.e. Identify contraindications and limitations of medical radiation services, determine appropriate adjustments to procedures. 1.5.f. Perform patient/client assessment and medical radiation examination/treatment in accordance with the patient/client need and choice, legislation, registration standards, codes and guidelines. 1.6. Implement techniques for patient/client stabilisation and reproducibility of procedures and outcomes. 1.6.a. Consider the limitations/restrictions in the use of techniques and devices for reproducibility of procedures concerning the patient’s/client’s condition and presentation. 1.6.b. Identify the type and method of stabilisation needed for the type and purpose of the procedure and the patient/client condition and presentation. 1.6.c. Use or adapt suitable stabilisation and ancillary equipment. 1.6.d. Perform the appropriate stabilisation before starting the procedure. 1.7.b. Apply quality criteria to assure image quality, evaluate medical images and identify any urgent and/or unexpected findings. 1.8. Apply knowledge of safe and effective use of medicines. 1.8.a. Apply the principles of safe and effective use of medicines to practice. 1.8.b. Recognise the risks, precautions and contraindications of the use of medicines, informed by the patient’s/client’s current pathology status. 1.9.c. Select equipment and imaging parameters relevant to the patient/client presentation and where appropriate, modify imaging parameters to achieve optimal diagnostic outcomes. 1A.1.b. Prepare the patient/client for the examination, including positioning the patient/client for the best diagnostic outcome. 1A.1.c. Use standard radiographic projections and exposure factors for the patient’s/client’s body area being examined and, when appropriate, modify them to consider patient/client presentation, clinical indications and mechanisms of injury. 1A.1.d. Select appropriate equipment, receptor type and set equipment geometry for the examination. 1A.1.f. Critically evaluate images against radiographic criteria including assessment of exposure index, field of view and anatomical rotation. 1A.2.a. Operate fluoroscopy and angiography systems safety and effectively in a range of settings. 1A.2.b. Effectively communicate with the multidisciplinary team as the imaging request, patient history and previous medical images are reviewed, the patient is assessed to receive care and the procedure is planned. 1A.2.c. Prepare the patient/client for the examination, including positioning the patient/client for the best diagnostic outcome. (1A.2) 1A.2.d. Apply knowledge of equipment geometry for procedures. 1A.2.e. Apply knowledge of imaging acquisition modes and radiation dose rates. 1A.2.g. Prepare the patient/client and delivery systems with the appropriate contrast media using aseptic techniques. 1A.2.h. Apply knowledge of medical equipment and prostheses used in the angiography and operating theatre setting. 1A.3.a. Operate CT systems safely and effectively. 1A.3.b. Apply appropriate imaging parameters for the patient/client presentation. 1A.3.c. Adjust relative radiation dose levels based on the range of patient/client presentations. 1A.3.d. Collaborate in the design and evaluation of CT protocols. Domain 2.1.a. Understand and comply with legal responsibilities. Domain 2.1.c. Understand mandatory reporting obligations and the grounds for a voluntary notification. Domain 2.1.d. Apply the Medical Radiation Practice Board of Australia’s Code of conduct to practice. Domain 2.1.e. Provide relevant information to the patient/client and implement appropriate methods to obtain informed consent. Domain 2.1.f. Apply knowledge of the Australian healthcare system to practice. Domain 2.1.g. Practice the basic principles underpinning bio-ethics in medical radiation practice and recognise and respond appropriately to ethical issues encountered in practice. Domain 2.1.h. Exercise appropriate levels of autonomy and professional judgement in a variety of medical radiation practice settings. Domain 2.2.a. Recognise and evaluate the socio-cultural factors that may influence patient/client attitudes and responses to medical radiation services. Domain 2.2.b. Apply the principles of cultural competence and culturally safe care to practice. Domain 2.2.c. Display appropriate professional behaviour in patient/client interactions. Domain 2.2.d. Identify and respect appropriate boundaries between patients/clients and health professionals. Domain 2.3.a. Make appropriate professional decisions about the care of patients. Domain 2.3.b. Recognise and respond appropriately to unsafe or unprofessional practice. Domain 2.3.c. Integrate organisational policies and guidelines with professional standards and apply to practice. Domain 2.4.a. Support and promote the rights and interests of patients/clients and support them to represent their own interests, when appropriate. Domain 2.4.b. Recognise when it may be appropriate to intervene on behalf of the patient/client. Domain 2.4.c. Recognise when an alternative patient/client pathway may be more appropriate and make recommendations to other practitioners. Domain 3.1.b. Communicate effectively with the patient/client (and at times beyond the patient/client) to collect and convey information about the proposed examination/treatment. Domain 3.1.c. Convey knowledge and procedural information in ways that create trust and confidence and respects the patient/client’s confidentiality, privacy and dignity. Domain 3.1.f. Make appropriate adjustments to communication style to suit the particular needs of the patient/client including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and those from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Domain 3.1.g. Make provisions to engage third parties to facilitate effective communication when needed. Domain 3.1.h. Obtain informed consent, explaining the purpose, risks and benefits of the proposed examination/treatment. Domain 4.1.a. Identify the challenge or question and the information that is needed to respond. Domain 4.1.b. Find, critically appraise, interpret and apply best available research evidence to inform clinical reasoning and professional decision-making. Domain 4.1.c. Provide evidence-informed patient/client-centred care by carefully considering the purpose of the proposed examination/treatment, reviewing existing protocols and methods, reflecting on clinical challenges or experiences and integrating knowledge and findings into practice. Domain 4.1.d. Recognise opportunities to contribute to the development of new knowledge through research and enquiry. Domain 4.2. Identify ongoing professional learning needs and opportunities Domain 4.2.b. Critically reflect on own strengths and limitations to identify learning needed to improve and adapt professional practice. Domain 5. Radiation safety and risk manager Domain 5.1.a. Comply with relevant radiation safety legislation. Domain 5.1.b. Practice in accordance with relevant radiation safety guidelines. Domain 5.1.c. Apply knowledge of radiobiology and medical radiation physics to examinations/treatment. Domain 5.1.d. Apply knowledge of radiobiology and radiation dose adjustment to deliver safe and effective patient/client outcomes. Domain 5.1.e. Review the referral and associated examinations/treatment prescription to ensure appropriate justification, limitation and optimisation. Domain 5.1.f. Identify radiation risks and implement effective and appropriate risk management systems and procedures. Domain 5.1.g. Recognise and report on near misses and their consequences, in addition to adverse events and relevant contributing factors. Domain 5.2.b. Review, communicate, record and manage patient/client information accurately, consistent with protocols, procedures and legislative requirements for maintaining patient/client records. Domain 5.2.e. Apply relevant quality frameworks to practice. Domain 5.4.b. Report on all incidents (including radiation and radioactivity incidents) as needed. Domain 5.4.c. Manage the environmental risks of manufactured radiation and radioactivity. Domain 5.4.d. Identify, confirm and implement methods of radiation management. Domain 5.4.e. Use safe and legal methods for managing manufactured radiation sources, including using appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment and complying with shielding requirements. Domain 5.4.f. Use safe and legal methods for storing and disposing radioactive material and identify and minimise occupancy risks about proximity of radiation and radioactive storage. Domain 5.4.g. Provide information on radiation-related hazards and control measures to others in the workplace. National Safety and Quality Health Service - 1. Clinical Governance Standard 6. Communicating for Safety Standard
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1.a. Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the human body to practice. 1.1.b. Apply knowledge of the scientific explanations underpinning disease and injuries affecting the human body to enable delivery of safe, high-quality examinations/treatment. 1.1.c. Identify anatomical structures and physiological processes, injuries and diseases of the human body in medical images. 1.10.d. Use standard techniques/images and equipment for the body area being examined and, where appropriate, modify them to consider the patient/client presentation and clinical indications. 1.2.e. Manage clinical information (information and images) appropriately and consider the workflow between the different clinical information management systems. 1.3. Understand and apply the different methods of imaging and treatment. 1.3.a. Understand the different imaging and treatment pathways in medical radiation practice. 1.3.b. Understand the modalities and equipment used in the different imaging and treatment pathways across medical radiation practice. 1.3.c. Understand use of CT, MRI and PET in the localisation of a range of cancer sites, patient/client presentations and related planning procedures. 1.4. Confirm the procedure according to clinical indicators. 1.4.a. Understand the patient’s/client’s clinical history, referral and current medical information to confirm the requested or prescribed procedure is appropriate, drawing on knowledge of other imaging and treatment pathways. 1.4.b. Determine the appropriate imaging and/or treatment protocols and priorities, which consider the information collected during the interaction with the patient/client and knowledge of imaging and/or treatment options. 1.4.c. Adapt the requested examination/treatment to an individual patient/client considering available clinical information. 1.5.a. Identify factors or conditions that may affect the patient’s/client’s behaviour and/or capacity to provide informed consent and undergo the procedure and triage patients/clients when needed. 1.5.b. Identify patient/client preparation requirements. 1.5.c. Identify patients/clients most at risk, including pregnant women and the foetus, breastfeeding mothers and their children. 1.5.d. Select appropriate equipment and triage patients/clients according to their clinical presentation, national standards and other factors. 1.5.e. Identify contraindications and limitations of medical radiation services, determine appropriate adjustments to procedures. 1.5.f. Perform patient/client assessment and medical radiation examination/treatment in accordance with the patient/client need and choice, legislation, registration standards, codes and guidelines. 1.6. Implement techniques for patient/client stabilisation and reproducibility of procedures and outcomes. 1.6.a. Consider the limitations/restrictions in the use of techniques and devices for reproducibility of procedures concerning the patient’s/client’s condition and presentation. 1.6.b. Identify the type and method of stabilisation needed for the type and purpose of the procedure and the patient/client condition and presentation. 1.6.c. Use or adapt suitable stabilisation and ancillary equipment. 1.6.d. Perform the appropriate stabilisation before starting the procedure. 1.7. Deliver patient/client care. 1.7.a. Recognise patients/clients whose condition is deteriorating, or who are unable to undergo an examination/treatment and respond to their needs in an appropriate and timely way consistent with standards of safe and high-quality care. This includes calling for emergency help when needed. 1.7.b. Apply quality criteria to assure image quality, evaluate medical images and identify any urgent and/or unexpected findings. 1.7.c. If the practitioner identifies any urgent or unexpected findings, take appropriate and timely action to ensure the immediate management of the patient/client. 1.7.d. Provide appropriate patient/client care before, during and after the examination/treatment. 1.8. Apply knowledge of safe and effective use of medicines. 1.8.a. Apply the principles of safe and effective use of medicines to practice. 1.8.b. Recognise the risks, precautions and contraindications of the use of medicines, informed by the patient’s/client’s current pathology status. 1.8.c. Apply knowledge of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and the potential range of reactions to medicines. 1.8.d. Safely and effectively deliver medicine to patients/clients, in accordance with procedures. 1.8.e. Actively monitor the effects of medication and manage adverse reactions to medicines, in accordance with protocols. 1.9.b. Apply knowledge of the principles of MRI physics and surrounding environment to ensure patient/client and others’ safety. 1.9.c. Select equipment and imaging parameters relevant to the patient/client presentation and where appropriate, modify imaging parameters to achieve optimal diagnostic outcomes. 1.9.d. Collaborate in the design and evaluation of MRI protocols. 1.9.f. Process image data sets. 1A.1.b. Prepare the patient/client for the examination, including positioning the patient/client for the best diagnostic outcome. 1A.1.c. Use standard radiographic projections and exposure factors for the patient’s/client’s body area being examined and, when appropriate, modify them to consider patient/client presentation, clinical indications and mechanisms of injury. 1A.1.d. Select appropriate equipment, receptor type and set equipment geometry for the examination. 1A.1.e. Perform image post-processing techniques. 1A.1.f. Critically evaluate images against radiographic criteria including assessment of exposure index, field of view and anatomical rotation. 1A.1.g. Collaborate in the design and evaluation of projection radiography protocols. 1A.2. Perform fluoroscopy and angiography examinations in a range of settings. 1A.2.a. Operate fluoroscopy and angiography systems safety and effectively in a range of settings. 1A.2.b. Effectively communicate with the multidisciplinary team as the imaging request, patient history and previous medical images are reviewed, the patient is assessed to receive care and the procedure is planned. 1A.2.c. Prepare the patient/client for the examination, including positioning the patient/client for the best diagnostic outcome. (1A.2) 1A.2.d. Apply knowledge of equipment geometry for procedures. 1A.2.e. Apply knowledge of imaging acquisition modes and radiation dose rates. 1A.2.f. Perform image post-processing techniques. (1A.2) 1A.2.g. Prepare the patient/client and delivery systems with the appropriate contrast media using aseptic techniques. 1A.3.a. Operate CT systems safely and effectively. 1A.3.b. Apply appropriate imaging parameters for the patient/client presentation. 1A.3.c. Adjust relative radiation dose levels based on the range of patient/client presentations. 1A.3.d. Collaborate in the design and evaluation of CT protocols. 1A.3.f. Process data image sets, including multi-planar reformats and volume imaging. Domain 2.1. Practise in an ethical and professional manner, consistent with relevant legislation and regulatory requirements. Domain 2.1.a. Understand and comply with legal responsibilities. Domain 2.1.d. Apply the Medical Radiation Practice Board of Australia’s Code of conduct to practice. Domain 2.1.f. Apply knowledge of the Australian healthcare system to practice. Domain 2.1.g. Practice the basic principles underpinning bio-ethics in medical radiation practice and recognise and respond appropriately to ethical issues encountered in practice. Domain 2.1.h. Exercise appropriate levels of autonomy and professional judgement in a variety of medical radiation practice settings. Domain 2.4.b. Recognise when it may be appropriate to intervene on behalf of the patient/client. Domain 3.1.c. Convey knowledge and procedural information in ways that create trust and confidence and respects the patient/client’s confidentiality, privacy and dignity. Domain 3.1.e. Identify likely communication barriers specific to individual patients/clients and/or family/carers and implement strategies to avoid or overcome them. Domain 3.1.f. Make appropriate adjustments to communication style to suit the particular needs of the patient/client including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and those from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. Domain 3.1.g. Make provisions to engage third parties to facilitate effective communication when needed. Domain 3.1.h. Obtain informed consent, explaining the purpose, risks and benefits of the proposed examination/treatment. Domain 3.2.b. Understand, acknowledge and respect the roles and responsibilities of healthcare team members and other service providers, and work effectively and collaboratively with them. Domain 3.2.c. Follow accepted protocols and procedures to provide relevant and timely verbal and written communication. Domain 3.2.d. Make recommendations to other members of the healthcare team about the suitability and application of the proposed medical radiation examination/treatment, when appropriate. Domain 4.1.a. Identify the challenge or question and the information that is needed to respond. Domain 4.1.b. Find, critically appraise, interpret and apply best available research evidence to inform clinical reasoning and professional decision-making. Domain 4.1.c. Provide evidence-informed patient/client-centred care by carefully considering the purpose of the proposed examination/treatment, reviewing existing protocols and methods, reflecting on clinical challenges or experiences and integrating knowledge and findings into practice. Domain 4.1.d. Recognise opportunities to contribute to the development of new knowledge through research and enquiry. Domain 5.1.a. Comply with relevant radiation safety legislation. Domain 5.1.b. Practice in accordance with relevant radiation safety guidelines. Domain 5.1.c. Apply knowledge of radiobiology and medical radiation physics to examinations/treatment. Domain 5.1.d. Apply knowledge of radiobiology and radiation dose adjustment to deliver safe and effective patient/client outcomes. Domain 5.1.e. Review the referral and associated examinations/treatment prescription to ensure appropriate justification, limitation and optimisation. Domain 5.1.f. Identify radiation risks and implement effective and appropriate risk management systems and procedures. Domain 5.1.g. Recognise and report on near misses and their consequences, in addition to adverse events and relevant contributing factors. Domain 5.2.a. Follow patient/client identification procedures to confirm the correct match of the patient/client with the intended examination/treatment and the correct anatomical site. Domain 5.2.b. Review, communicate, record and manage patient/client information accurately, consistent with protocols, procedures and legislative requirements for maintaining patient/client records. Domain 5.2.c. Identify and manage risks associated with patient/client transfer. Domain 5.2.d. Identify and manage risk of infection, including during aseptic procedures. Domain 5.2.e. Apply relevant quality frameworks to practice. Domain 5.4.b. Report on all incidents (including radiation and radioactivity incidents) as needed. Domain 5.4.c. Manage the environmental risks of manufactured radiation and radioactivity. Domain 5.4.d. Identify, confirm and implement methods of radiation management. Domain 5.4.e. Use safe and legal methods for managing manufactured radiation sources, including using appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment and complying with shielding requirements. Domain 5.4.f. Use safe and legal methods for storing and disposing radioactive material and identify and minimise occupancy risks about proximity of radiation and radioactive storage. Domain 5.4.g. Provide information on radiation-related hazards and control measures to others in the workplace. National Safety and Quality Health Service - 8. Recognising and Responding to Acute Deterioration Standard
	Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice - 1.1. Apply knowledge of anatomy, physiology and pathology to practice. 1.1.a. Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the human body to practice. 1.1.c. Identify anatomical structures and physiological processes, injuries and diseases of the human body in medical images. 1.10.f. Document the real-time examination and evaluate findings. 1.3.a. Understand the different imaging and treatment pathways in medical radiation practice. 1.3.b. Understand the modalities and equipment used in the different imaging and treatment pathways across medical radiation practice. 1A.1.e. Perform image post-processing techniques. 1A.1.f. Critically evaluate images against radiographic criteria including assessment of exposure index, field of view and anatomical rotation.

National Safety and Quality Health Service -

Competency code	Taught, Practiced or Assessed	Competency standard
1		Clinical Governance Standard
8		Recognising and Responding to Acute Deterioration Standard

Professional capabilities for medical radiation practice -

Competency code	Taught, Practiced or Assessed	Competency standard
1.1.a		Apply knowledge of anatomy and physiology of the human body to practice.
1.1.b		Apply knowledge of the scientific explanations underpinning disease and injuries affecting the human body to enable delivery of safe, high-quality examinations/treatment.
1.1.c		Identify anatomical structures and physiological processes, injuries and diseases of the human body in medical images.
1.10.c		Apply knowledge of cross-sectional anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology, haemodynamic and sonographic appearances of normal and abnormal anatomy.
1.10.d		Use standard techniques/images and equipment for the body area being examined and, where appropriate, modify them to consider the patient/client presentation and clinical indications.
1.3.a		Understand the different imaging and treatment pathways in medical radiation practice.
1.3.b		Understand the modalities and equipment used in the different imaging and treatment pathways across medical radiation practice.
1.3.c		Understand use of CT, MRI and PET in the localisation of a range of cancer sites, patient/client presentations and related planning procedures.
1.4.a		Understand the patient’s/client’s clinical history, referral and current medical information to confirm the requested or prescribed procedure is appropriate, drawing on knowledge of other imaging and treatment pathways.
1.4.b		Determine the appropriate imaging and/or treatment protocols and priorities, which consider the information collected during the interaction with the patient/client and knowledge of imaging and/or treatment options.
1.4.c		Adapt the requested examination/treatment to an individual patient/client considering available clinical information.
1.5.a		Identify factors or conditions that may affect the patient’s/client’s behaviour and/or capacity to provide informed consent and undergo the procedure and triage patients/clients when needed.
1.5.b		Identify patient/client preparation requirements.
1.5.c		Identify patients/clients most at risk, including pregnant women and the foetus, breastfeeding mothers and their children.
1.5.d		Select appropriate equipment and triage patients/clients according to their clinical presentation, national standards and other factors.
1.5.e		Identify contraindications and limitations of medical radiation services, determine appropriate adjustments to procedures.
1.6.a		Consider the limitations/restrictions in the use of techniques and devices for reproducibility of procedures concerning the patient’s/client’s condition and presentation.
1.7.b		Apply quality criteria to assure image quality, evaluate medical images and identify any urgent and/or unexpected findings.
1.8.c		Apply knowledge of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and the potential range of reactions to medicines.
1.9.b		Apply knowledge of the principles of MRI physics and surrounding environment to ensure patient/client and others’ safety.
1.9.f		Process image data sets.
1A.1.e		Perform image post-processing techniques.
1A.1.f		Critically evaluate images against radiographic criteria including assessment of exposure index, field of view and anatomical rotation.
1A.2.d		Apply knowledge of equipment geometry for procedures.
1A.2.e		Apply knowledge of imaging acquisition modes and radiation dose rates.
1A.2.f		Perform image post-processing techniques. (1A.2)
1A.2.h		Apply knowledge of medical equipment and prostheses used in the angiography and operating theatre setting.
1A.3.b		Apply appropriate imaging parameters for the patient/client presentation.
1A.3.c		Adjust relative radiation dose levels based on the range of patient/client presentations.
1A.3.f		Process data image sets, including multi-planar reformats and volume imaging.
Domain 2.1.a		Understand and comply with legal responsibilities.
Domain 2.1.d		Apply the Medical Radiation Practice Board of Australia’s Code of conduct to practice.
Domain 2.1.f		Apply knowledge of the Australian healthcare system to practice.
Domain 2.4.c		Recognise when an alternative patient/client pathway may be more appropriate and make recommendations to other practitioners.
Domain 2.5.a		Participate in peer assessment, standard setting, mentorship and provide developmental support to other medical radiation practitioners and other members of the healthcare team.
Domain 4.1.a		Identify the challenge or question and the information that is needed to respond.
Domain 4.1.b		Find, critically appraise, interpret and apply best available research evidence to inform clinical reasoning and professional decision-making.
Domain 4.1.d		Recognise opportunities to contribute to the development of new knowledge through research and enquiry.
Domain 5.1.c		Apply knowledge of radiobiology and medical radiation physics to examinations/treatment.
Domain 5.1.d		Apply knowledge of radiobiology and radiation dose adjustment to deliver safe and effective patient/client outcomes.
Domain 5.1.e		Review the referral and associated examinations/treatment prescription to ensure appropriate justification, limitation and optimisation.
Domain 5.1.f		Identify radiation risks and implement effective and appropriate risk management systems and procedures.

Assignment type	Description	Weight	Due	Lenght
Multiple Choice Questionnaire	Supervised Test MCQ – Teaching content assessed: week 1 – 9	50%	02/05/23	60 minutes
Literature review	Group-work: Students will develop a Literature Review based on the Authors Guidelines from the Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences	50%	Friday 26/05/23, week13	5,000 words max

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