Unit outline_

MUSC1507: Sounds, Screens, Speakers: Music and Media

Semester 1, 2025 [Normal day] - Camperdown/Darlington, Sydney

Music has been dramatically shaped and reshaped by every major change in communications technology in the 20th century from vinyl discs to spotify. In this unit of study we will analyse such issues as the ways in which the early recording industry transformed jazz, the blues and country music, how the presentation of music on radio and television changed the ways the music industry created new musical celebrities, and the challenges the music industry faces as digital technology transforms the creation, distribution and consumption of music.

Unit details and rules

Academic unit Analysis, History and Cultural Studies
Credit points 6
Prerequisites
? 
None
Corequisites
? 
None
Prohibitions
? 
None
Assumed knowledge
? 

None

Available to study abroad and exchange students

Yes

Teaching staff

Coordinator Charles Fairchild, charles.fairchild@sydney.edu.au
Lecturer(s) Charles Fairchild, charles.fairchild@sydney.edu.au
The census date for this unit availability is 31 March 2025
Type Description Weight Due Length
Assignment AI Allowed Final Project and Proposal
You will write a 2000 word essay about one of four topics offered in class. You will also submit a proposal of less than 100 words two weeks before it is due.
20% Mid-semester break
Due date: 10 Jun 2025 at 23:00

Closing date: 27 Jun 2025
2000 words
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO2 LO3
Small test Early Feedback Task AI Allowed Early Feedback task - Weekly Q&A for week 1 & 2
Q&A quizzes for week 1 and 2 #earlyfeedbacktask
0% Week 03 10 questions per week
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO2
Assignment AI Allowed Making and Selling Music Through Media
You will write a 1000 word analysis of one of three 'early' forms of musical media (sheet music, sound recording, or radio) You will provide an analysis based on the Production-Distribution-Consumption model provided in class.
20% Week 04
Due date: 20 Mar 2025 at 23:00

Closing date: 18 Apr 2025
1000 words
Outcomes assessed: LO1
Assignment AI Allowed Represent! Musical Fame in the 20th Century
You will write a 500 word analysis about how one musician or one band is represented in the media. You will be required to do research about both the artist or artists you have chosen to study and the broader concepts such as celebrity and representation.
10% Week 08
Due date: 04 Aug 2025 at 23:00

Closing date: 04 Feb 2025
500 words
Outcomes assessed: LO2 LO3
Assignment AI Allowed Musical Fame in the 21st Century
The goals of this assessment is to explain how the economic exploitation of musical celebrity is different in the 21st century than it was in the 20th. You will write a 500 word analysis about how one musician or one band is represented in the media.
10% Week 11
Due date: 16 May 2025 at 23:00

Closing date: 30 May 2025
500 words
Outcomes assessed: LO2 LO3
Small test Early Feedback Task AI Allowed Weekly Q&A
You will answer 10 questions per week, 5 in lecture, 5 in tutorial.
20% Weekly 10 questions per week
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO2
Participation AI Allowed Class Participation
Contribution to weekly online and person class discussion
20% Weekly Weekly
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO2 LO3
AI allowed = AI allowed ?
early feedback task = early feedback task ?

Early feedback task

This unit includes an early feedback task, designed to give you feedback prior to the census date for this unit. Details are provided in the Canvas site and your result will be recorded in your Marks page. It is important that you actively engage with this task so that the University can support you to be successful in this unit.

Assessment summary

1. Making and Selling Music Through Media

You will write a 1000 word analysis of one of three 'early' forms of musical media (sheet music, sound recording, or radio) You will provide an analysis based on the Production-Distribution-Consumption model provided in class. Your goal is to explain how music was was produced in one medium in the late 19th and early 20th century in an economic system that incentivised entertainment companies to try to capture audience attention and engagement in a profitable and sustained way. Your analysis will be based on the readings from Weeks 1-4. These are listed in the Course Outline and available on Canvas.

2. Represent! Musical Fame in the 20th Century

Throughout this semester we will examine how musicians are represented in different forms of media. As we will see, this core concept, 'representation,' is crucial to any critical understanding of the meanings produced through our experience of music and musical celebrity in the media. You will write a 500 word analysis about how one musician or one band is represented in the media. You will be required to do research about both the artist or artists you have chosen to study and the broader concepts such as celebrity, representation, and understanding that inform the collective meanings produced by the mediation of musicians. The goal is to try to explain the ways in which this musician is made appealing to the public for the purposes of attracting and profiting from their audience.

3. Represent! Musical Fame in the 21st Century

The goals of this assessment is to explain how the economic exploitation of musical celebrity is different in the 21st century than it was in the 20th. You will write a 500 word analysis about how one musician or one band is represented in the media. You will be required to do research about both the artist or artists you have chosen to study and the broader concepts such as celebrity, representation, and understanding that inform the collective meanings produced by the mediation of musicians. The goal is to try to explain the ways in which this musician is made appealing to the public for the purposes of attracting and profiting from their audience.

4. Final Project Including Proposal and Source List

By Week 12, you will need to have decided on the topic for your Final Project. You need to submit one paragraph explaining what your topic is and include at least three sources you have consulted in making your decision. These two things are just the first step in writing your final essay. You will have several choices for your final project:

  • Pay Attention! The core idea of this class is that the entertainment industry profits through their ability of manufacturing and harvesting an audience's ability to notice things and consume them. This means that any quality of any sort that might prove appealing is used to do this. This means that a musician's appearance, musical skills, expressive qualities, personal biography, personality, or any other attribute can be used to do this. The purpose of this assessment is to analyse some music-centred product of the entertainment industry and make a seet of claims for these ways in which profit is extracted from this product.
  • New Toys, New Tools. As we have seen throughout the semester, when a new technology for making or experiencing music appears, many other things about music change as well. Choose a new tool for making or experiencing music and use a range of sources to analyse what effects this new tool might have on one how people make or experience music. Use the term ‘toy’ very widely. Think of it as something that facilitates a new way is listening to music. You can choose something like the iPod, the Walkman (ask your parents what that is), the iPhone, Spotify, Pro Tools, multi-track recording, the 45, the LP, or something similar. Examine how that new technology was sold. How were people supposed to think and feel about it? What benefits were people told it had? You will need to develop an interpretation of the kinds of ideas that were used to explain the new technology to the public.
  • Connecting People To Music. This semester we have looked at how a wide range of different forms of media work (sheet music, sound recording, radio, film, television, social media). For this topic area, you will choose a medium and a time period and explain how the crucial social and economic relationships that link audiences to musicians in specific ways worked. How did the forces of production, distribution, and consumption are link people to music and to each other? You will trace the specific types of connections formed by specific forms of media in a lot of detail. The goal is to explain how these connection work and are made profitable.
  • The Digital Age. The transition from analogue to digital technology has probably been the biggest change to happen to the music industry in the last fifty years. Analyse one aspect of this transition. Focus on the years 1995 to 2015. Examine one of the major types of social relationships we have examined in this class: between musicians and the music industry; between the music industry and consumers; between musicians and fans. Using clear examples, explain how these relationships have changed during the time period noted here.

 

5. Weekly Q&As and Class Participation

Every week, you will be required to answer a series of multiple choice questions about the lecture and the tutorial readings. You are also required to attend weekly lectures and tutorials. A ‘satisfactory’ record of attendance’ is an absolute pre-requisite for passing this unit of study. ‘Satisfactory’ requires you to attend a minimum of 10 lectures and 10 tutorials. Unless written evidence of illness or misadventure is supplied, students who attend less than this will lose marks.

Assessment criteria

The following assessment criteria are used for written work in this unit of study:

Result name

Mark range

Description

High distinction

85 - 100

Demonstrates high level of initiative in research and reading; sophisticated critical analysis of evidence; high level engagement with theoretical issues, innovative use of reading/research material and impressive command of underlying debates and assumptions; properly documented and written with style, originality and precision.

Distinction

75 - 84

Demonstrates initiative in research and wide, appropriate reading; complex understanding of question and ability to critically review material in relation to underlying assumptions and values; analyses material in relation to empirical and theoretical contexts; properly documented; clear, well-developed structure and argument with some signs of literary style.

Credit

65 - 74

Evidence of broader understanding than pass level; offers synthesis with some critical evaluation of material; coherent argument using a range of relevant evidence; some evidence of independent thought, good referencing. A high credit (70-74) shows some evidence of ability to problematise and think conceptually.

Pass

50 - 64

Written work meets basic requirements in terms of reading/research; relevant material; tendency to descriptive summary rather than critical argument; makes a reasonable attempt to avoid paraphrasing; reasonably coherent structure; often has weaknesses in particular areas, especially in terms of narrow or underdeveloped treatment of question; acceptable documentation.

Fail

0 - 49

Work may fail for any or all of the following reasons: Unacceptable paraphrasing; irrelevance of content; poor spelling; poor presentation; grammar or structure so sloppy it cannot be understood; failure to demonstrate understanding of content; insufficient or overlong word length.

For more information see guide to grades.

Use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and automated writing tools

Except for supervised exams or in-semester tests, you may use generative AI and automated writing tools in assessments unless expressly prohibited by your unit coordinator. 

For exams and in-semester tests, the use of AI and automated writing tools is not allowed unless expressly permitted in the assessment instructions. 

The icons in the assessment table above indicate whether AI is allowed – whether full AI, or only some AI (the latter is referred to as “AI restricted”). If no icon is shown, AI use is not permitted at all for the task. Refer to Canvas for full instructions on assessment tasks for this unit. 

Your final submission must be your own, original work. You must acknowledge any use of automated writing tools or generative AI, and any material generated that you include in your final submission must be properly referenced. You may be required to submit generative AI inputs and outputs that you used during your assessment process, or drafts of your original work. Inappropriate use of generative AI is considered a breach of the Academic Integrity Policy and penalties may apply. 

The Current Students website provides information on artificial intelligence in assessments. For help on how to correctly acknowledge the use of AI, please refer to the  AI in Education Canvas site

Late submission

In accordance with University policy, these penalties apply when written work is submitted after 11:59pm on the due date:

  • Deduction of 5% of the maximum mark for each calendar day after the due date.
  • After ten calendar days late, a mark of zero will be awarded.

This unit has an exception to the standard University policy or supplementary information has been provided by the unit coordinator. This information is displayed below:

In accordance with University policy, these penalties apply when written work is submitted after 11:59pm on the due date: Deduction of 5% of the maximum mark for each calendar day after the due date. After ten calendar days late, a mark of zero will be awarded.

Academic integrity

The Current Student website provides information on academic integrity and the resources available to all students. The University expects students and staff to act ethically and honestly and will treat all allegations of academic integrity breaches seriously.

We use similarity detection software to detect potential instances of plagiarism or other forms of academic integrity breach. If such matches indicate evidence of plagiarism or other forms of academic integrity breaches, your teacher is required to report your work for further investigation.

Simple extensions

If you encounter a problem submitting your work on time, you may be able to apply for an extension of five calendar days through a simple extension.  The application process will be different depending on the type of assessment and extensions cannot be granted for some assessment types like exams.

Special consideration

If exceptional circumstances mean you can’t complete an assessment, you need consideration for a longer period of time, or if you have essential commitments which impact your performance in an assessment, you may be eligible for special consideration or special arrangements.

Special consideration applications will not be affected by a simple extension application.

Using AI responsibly

Co-created with students, AI in Education includes lots of helpful examples of how students use generative AI tools to support their learning. It explains how generative AI works, the different tools available and how to use them responsibly and productively.

Support for students

The Support for Students Policy reflects the University’s commitment to supporting students in their academic journey and making the University safe for students. It is important that you read and understand this policy so that you are familiar with the range of support services available to you and understand how to engage with them.

The University uses email as its primary source of communication with students who need support under the Support for Students Policy. Make sure you check your University email regularly and respond to any communications received from the University.

Learning resources and detailed information about weekly assessment and learning activities can be accessed via Canvas. It is essential that you visit your unit of study Canvas site to ensure you are up to date with all of your tasks.

If you are having difficulties completing your studies, or are feeling unsure about your progress, we are here to help. You can access the support services offered by the University at any time:

Support and Services (including health and wellbeing services, financial support and learning support)
Course planning and administration
Meet with an Academic Adviser

WK Topic Learning activity Learning outcomes
Week 01 All Media, Is Social Media Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO2
Week 02 Making, Selling, Experiencing Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO2 LO1
Week 03 The Uncontrollable Sounds of the Gramomophone (1870s-1920s) Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO1
Week 04 Sound Recordings and Radio: A New Normal (1920s) Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO1
Week 05 Microphones, Speakers, Film (1930s-50s) Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO2 LO1
Week 06 The Recording Studio (1890s-1970s) Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO1 LO3
Week 07 A Whole New World (After World War II) Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO2 LO1
Week 08 New Kinds of Media, New Kinds of Fame (1980s-2000s) Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO2 LO1
Week 09 Music Becomes the Perfect Commodity (1990s-2000s) Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO2 LO3
Week 11 The Catastrophe of ‘Free’ Music (1990s-2000s) Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO1
Week 12 A Brand New You, A New Brand You Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO2 LO3
Week 13 Music Dissolves Into Data (2010-present) Lecture and tutorial (3 hr) LO2 LO1

Attendance and class requirements

  • Attendance: Students are expected to attend a minimum of 90% of timetabled activities for a unit of study, unless granted exemption by the Dean, Head of School or professor most concerned. The Dean, Head of School or professor most concerned may determine that a student fails a unit of study because of inadequate attendance. Alternatively, at their discretion, they may set additional assessment items where attendance is lower than 90%.

Study commitment

Typically, there is a minimum expectation of 1.5-2 hours of student effort per week per credit point for units of study offered over a full semester. For a 6 credit point unit, this equates to roughly 120-150 hours of student effort in total.

Required readings

Week 2 (March 4) Making, Selling, Experiencing

Ruccio, David. (2020) 'Capitalism.' In B. Burgett and G. Hendler (eds.), Keywords for American Cultural Studies. New York: NYU Press, pp. 40-3. 

Goldmark, Daniel. (2008) 'Creating Desire on Tin Pan Alley.' The Musical Quarterly, 90, pp. 197-229.

-

Week 3 (March 11) The Uncontrollable Sounds of the Gramophone (1870s-1920s) 

Thompson, Emily. (1995) Machines, Music, and the Quest for Fidelity: Marketing the Edison Phonograph in America, 1877-1925. The Musical Quarterly, 79/1, pp. 131-171. 

Gerler, Peter. (2019) 'When Jazz Moved to Chicago.' Humanities, 40(2). 
Film: The Devil’s Music

-
Week 4 (March 18) Sound Recordings and Radio: A New Normal (1920s) 

Katz, Mark. (2012) 'Sound Recording. Introduction.' In Katz, M. et. al., Music, Sound, and Technology in America: A Documentary History of Early Phonograph, Cinema, and Radio. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. pp. 11-28. 
Films: American Roots Music, Empire of the Air

-

Week 5 (March 25) Microphones, Speakers, Film (1930s-50s)

McCracken, Alison. (1999) '"God’s Gift to Us Girls”: Crooning, Gender and the Re-Creation of American Popular Song, 1928-1933, American Music, 17/4, pp. 365-395.
 
Taylor, Tim. (2012) 'Radio. Introduction.' In Katz, M. et. al., Music, Sound, and Technology in America: A Documentary History of Early Phonograph, Cinema, and Radio. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. pp. 240-54. 
Films: Radio Rhythms, Sinatra: Relive the Magic

-

Week 6 (April 1) The Recording Studio (1890s-1970s)

Fairchild, Charles (2019) 'Magnetic Tape and the Recording Studio.' From Sounds, Screens, and Speakers: An Introduction to Music and Media. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2019, pp. 224-42.

Cunningham, Mark. (1996) 'Abbey Road and The Beatles.' From Good Vibrations: A History of Record Production. Chessington: Castle.

-

Week 7 (April 8) A Whole New World (After World War II)

Fairchild, Charles (2019) 'The Youth Movie and the Hit Single.' From Sounds, Screens, and Speakers: An Introduction to Music and Media. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2019, pp. 172-91.

James, David. (2016) 'Introduction.' From Rock 'n' Film: Cinema's Dance with Popular Music, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 1–22.

-

Week 8 New Kinds of Media, New Kinds of Fame (1980s-2000s) 

Fairchild, Charles (2019) 'MTV and the evolution of the short musical film.' From Sounds, Screens, and Speakers: An Introduction to Music and Media. New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2019, pp. 290-303.

-

Week 9 (April 28) Music Becomes the Perfect Commodity (1990s-2000s) 

Pine, B. Joseph, and J. Gilmore. (1998) 'Welcome to the Experience Economy.' Harvard Business Review, July-August.

-

Week 11 (May 13):The Catastrophe of ‘Free’ Music (1990s-2000s)

Mann, Charles. (2001) ‘The Heavenly Jukebox.’ https://www.theatlantic.com/ magazine/archive/ 2000/09/the-heavenly-jukebox/305141/

-

Week 12 (May 20) A Brand New You, A New Brand You

Meier, Leslie. (2011) 'Promotional Ubiquitous Musics: Recording Artists, Brands, and “Rendering Authenticity.”' Popular Music and Society, 34:4, 399-415

-

Week 13 (May 27) Music Dissolves Into Data (2010-present)

Pelly, Liz. (2017) 'The Problem With Muzak.' The Baffler. no 37.

Thompson, Derek. (2014) ‘The Shazam Effect.’ The Atlantic, 17 November. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/12/the-shazam-effect/382237/

Learning outcomes are what students know, understand and are able to do on completion of a unit of study. They are aligned with the University's graduate qualities and are assessed as part of the curriculum.

At the completion of this unit, you should be able to:

  • LO1. Place musical media and technologies in their historical context.
  • LO2. use a range of skills such as the ability to analyse and interpret a wide range of media and the ways in which music appears in these.
  • LO3. Provide in depth interpretations of the use of music in media productions

Graduate qualities

The graduate qualities are the qualities and skills that all University of Sydney graduates must demonstrate on successful completion of an award course. As a future Sydney graduate, the set of qualities have been designed to equip you for the contemporary world.

GQ1 Depth of disciplinary expertise

Deep disciplinary expertise is the ability to integrate and rigorously apply knowledge, understanding and skills of a recognised discipline defined by scholarly activity, as well as familiarity with evolving practice of the discipline.

GQ2 Critical thinking and problem solving

Critical thinking and problem solving are the questioning of ideas, evidence and assumptions in order to propose and evaluate hypotheses or alternative arguments before formulating a conclusion or a solution to an identified problem.

GQ3 Oral and written communication

Effective communication, in both oral and written form, is the clear exchange of meaning in a manner that is appropriate to audience and context.

GQ4 Information and digital literacy

Information and digital literacy is the ability to locate, interpret, evaluate, manage, adapt, integrate, create and convey information using appropriate resources, tools and strategies.

GQ5 Inventiveness

Generating novel ideas and solutions.

GQ6 Cultural competence

Cultural Competence is the ability to actively, ethically, respectfully, and successfully engage across and between cultures. In the Australian context, this includes and celebrates Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, knowledge systems, and a mature understanding of contemporary issues.

GQ7 Interdisciplinary effectiveness

Interdisciplinary effectiveness is the integration and synthesis of multiple viewpoints and practices, working effectively across disciplinary boundaries.

GQ8 Integrated professional, ethical, and personal identity

An integrated professional, ethical and personal identity is understanding the interaction between one’s personal and professional selves in an ethical context.

GQ9 Influence

Engaging others in a process, idea or vision.

Outcome map

Learning outcomes Graduate qualities
GQ1 GQ2 GQ3 GQ4 GQ5 GQ6 GQ7 GQ8 GQ9

This section outlines changes made to this unit following staff and student reviews.

Per course designer and usual course coordinator Charles Fairchild, "Closing the loop has proven to be an unaccountable and problematic form of feedback. Please contact me or the Deputy Dean of my school for direct feedback."

Disclaimer

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