ASEAN is often mentioned in discussions about trade and geopolitics, but there’s much more to the region than many people realise. Here are five surprising things you may not know about ASEAN, from its immense population and diversity to its global economic and digital influence.
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is an intergovernmental organisation that seeks to promote economic stability in Southeast Asia. ASEAN is also one of Australia’s key diplomatic partners.
8.7% Of the world's population
+$100 bn ASEAN and Australia’s trading relationship per year
49% of ASEAN population live in urban areas
With around 700 million inhabitants, ASEAN represents 8.5% of total world population in 2025. By comparison, the European Union has about 450 million people, and the United States around 349 million people. After India and China, ASEAN is the most populous region in the world.
ASEAN’s population is also very young, with over half (56%) aged between 20 and 59, and one-third (31.5%) between the ages of 0 and 19 in 2024.
Despite its motto “One Vision, One Identity, One Community”, ASEAN is one of the most culturally diverse regions in the world.
ASEAN is home to hundreds of different ethnic groups, each with their own distinct culture and traditions. Southeast Asia is a region of enormous linguistic diversity where thousands of languages are spoken.
Indonesia alone has recorded over 300 different native languages – the national language Bahasa Indonesia is spoken as a mother tongue by only 7% of the country’s total population, yet over 200 million people speak it as their second language.
ASEAN is also characterised by a great diversity of religious beliefs and practices, including Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity and Animism.
ASEAN was Australia’s second largest trading partner in 2022, accounting for $178 billion in two-way trade.
By 2030, ASEAN is expected to the world’s fourth-largest economy. The region has successfully balanced economic growth with human development, lifting millions of people out of poverty.
Since its establishment in 1967, ASEAN has continued to play a key role on the world stage in combating a variety of transitional security challenges. Through its strategic geographical location in the heart of the Indo-Pacific region, ASEAN has played a significant role in preventing a range of territorial disputes, notably in the South China Sea.
ASEAN is also a contributor to the world’s food security and is one of the most productive agricultural baskets in the world. In 2012 it produced 129 million tons of rice, 40 million tons of corn, 171 million tons of sugarcane, 1.44 million tons of soybean, and 70.34 million tons of cassava.
49 percent of ASEAN’s population lives in urban areas. This mass urbanisation has been accompanied by rapid expansion in connectivity across the region, fuelled by the high literacy rates of the under-30 population.
In 2017, it was recorded that there were 147.2 mobile phones per 100 persons and 48.5 internet subscribers per 100 persons in the region. There is also widespread use of social media with Indonesia ranked third in the number of Facebook users in 2018, after India and the United States.
Whilst the digital revolution has brought about significant political, economic and social progress in the region, many countries have also been marred by regular fake news scandals and the spread of hate speech and harassment online.
ASEAN in Focus 2025 brought together timely insights on the future of ASEAN–Australia relations at a defining moment for the region. With Timor-Leste poised to become ASEAN’s newest member, the forum highlighted new opportunities for regional cooperation, economic integration and deeper engagement across Southeast Asia. The event offered a valuable platform for exploring how Australia and ASEAN can strengthen their partnership, respond to a changing global landscape and work together towards sustainable development, shared prosperity and a more connected regional future.
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