Unit outline_

LAWS1023: Public International Law

Semester 1, 2026 [Normal day] - Camperdown/Darlington, Sydney

The compulsory unit of study is an introduction to the general problems, sources and techniques of public international law. The unit surveys the fundamental rules and principles of public international law through an examination of the following topics (1) the nature, function and scope of public international law, (2) the sources of public international law, (3) the law of treaties including principles of treaty interpretation, (4) the relationship between public international law and municipal law, (5) the extent of civil and criminal state jurisdiction, (6) immunities from state jurisdiction including diplomatic privileges and immunities (7) state responsibility, including diplomatic protection, nationality of claims and exhaustion of local remedies, (8) regulation of the use of force in international relations, and (9) dispute settlement.

Unit details and rules

Academic unit Law
Credit points 6
Prerequisites
? 
LAWS1006 or LAWS1025
Corequisites
? 
None
Prohibitions
? 
LAWS5005
Assumed knowledge
? 

None

Available to study abroad and exchange students

Yes

Teaching staff

Coordinator Tim Stephens, tim.stephens@sydney.edu.au
Tutor(s) David Kinley, david.kinley@sydney.edu.au
Tim Stephens, tim.stephens@sydney.edu.au
Rosemary Grey, rosemary.grey@sydney.edu.au
Libby Newton, elizabeth.newton@sydney.edu.au
Julian Edwards, julian.edwards@sydney.edu.au
Hussein Badreddine, hussein.badreddine@sydney.edu.au
Carla Buckley, carla.buckley@sydney.edu.au
The census date for this unit availability is 31 March 2026
Type Description Weight Due Length Use of AI
Written exam Final examination (60%)
In-person Final Exam. 2.5 hours (plus 30 minutes reading time).
60% Formal exam period 2.5 hours AI prohibited
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Contribution Structured Participation (10%)
Leading discussion of a tutorial question.
10% Ongoing 50 mins; 1 page summary AI allowed
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO2 LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6 LO7
Out-of-class quiz Early Feedback Task Early Feedback Task (0%)
Multiple choice questions
0% Week 03
Due date: 13 Mar 2026 at 23:59
One week AI allowed
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO2 LO5
Written test In-semester test (30%)
In-person Interim Test 1.5 hours (plus 30 minutes reading time).
30% Week 06
Due date: 30 Mar 2026 at 16:30
1.5 hours AI prohibited
Outcomes assessed: LO1 LO2 LO4 LO6
early feedback task = early feedback task ?

Early feedback task

This unit includes an early feedback task, designed to give you feedback prior to the census date for this unit. Details are provided in the Canvas site and your result will be recorded in your Marks page. It is important that you actively engage with this task so that the University can support you to be successful in this unit.

Assessment summary

Early Feedback task (0%): This unit includes an Early Feedback Task that is designed to provide students with timely insights into their understanding and engagement with the unit content and support students to stay on track for successful completion of the unit. The Early Feedback Task in this unit is a multiple-choice question quiz. It will be tailored to reflect key concepts addressed in Weeks 1-3. The task will be available on Canvas from 6 March 2026 and must be completed by 11.59pm on 13 March 2026 (Sydney, Australia time). Students will be provided with immediate automated feedback upon completion of the task. 

Structured Participation (10%): Compulsory participation requiring students to lead discussion in one tutorial of a nominated tutorial question and to submit a one-page summary. This is an individual and not a group task. Students will be allocated to a nominated tutorial in Week 1. You must disclose whether generative AI was used in preparing for this task or in completing the one-page summary.
 
In-semester test (30%):
Compulsory 1.5 hours (plus 30 minutes reading time) open book on-campus test in Week 6 on Monday, 30 March 2026 commencing at 4.15pm and concluding at 6.15pm (Sydney, Australia time). The test will take the place of the scheduled lecture and will be held at an alternative venue. The test will comprise a problem question that may address Topic 2 (Sources of International Law), Topic 3 (Treaties) and Topic 4 (International Law and Australian Law). 
 
Final examination (60%):
Compulsory 2.5 hours (plus 30 minutes reading time) open book on-campus examination during the formal examination period. The examination will comprise a mixture of problem and essay questions. The examination may cover any material addressed in the lectures and tutorials throughout the entire unit. The exam timetable will be released by the Exams Office in due course. Exam information is available at https://www.sydney.edu.au/students/exams/timetables.html

Word limit penalty: A piece of assessment which exceeds the prescribed word limit will attract a penalty of 10% of the total marks available for the piece of assessment for every 100 words, or part thereof. The total word count for essay and other written assessments will include/exclude all footnotes and any bibliography (if required), and exclude acknowledgements of assistance from editors, automated writing tools or generative AI (where use is permitted). 

Referencing: The Sydney Law School expects you to use the Australian Guide to Legal Citation (4th edition, 2018) for your footnoting style, although you should confirm this with your lecturer. A link to the library website where this is set out comprehensively is available at Referencing and Citation Styles: AGLC4. 

Special consideration: Successful grants of Special Consideration may involve alternative tasks, as appropriate. Students who are unable to attend their allocated tutorial to lead discussion will need to apply for Special Consideration. If granted, the consideration for that assessment task may take the form of the student leading discussion in another tutorial during semester, or participating in a group viva voce with other students on a topic selected by the Unit Coordinator. The form of the alternative assessment will be selected at the discretion of the Unit Coordinator.

Disability Academic Plans: The Law School has inherent requirements for its Bachelor of Laws, Juris Doctor and Master of Laws courses. Inherent requirements relevant to Participation assessment include: 

  • Attending classes and contribute to collaborative learning and debate; 
  • Engaging in respectful communication with others; 
  • Participating collaboratively and openly in diverse groups across different cultural boundaries; and
  • Communicating orally using clear standard Australian English, to convey knowledge and critical analysis of legal and interdisciplinary materials. 

For students with Disability Academic Plans, adjustments must be reasonable and cannot compromise the academic integrity of a course or professional obligations. Reasonable adjustments are provided to assist students to achieve the inherent requirements, not as a substitute for them. This means that, for the Participation assessment, reasonable adjustments cannot include an alternative assessment which does not allow the student to demonstrate the inherent requirements relevant to the Participation assessment. 

Assessment requirements to pass a unit of study: A student must make a genuine attempt at all assessment tasks set out in this Unit of Study in order to obtain a Pass mark and grade (or above) otherwise an Absent Fail grade will be recorded as the student’s result for this Unit of Study. As the EFT is an early diagnostic tool, this task is not included in the final grade for the unit. 

Assessment criteria

The University awards common result grades, set out in the Coursework Policy 2021 (Schedule 1). 

As a general guide, a high distinction indicates work of an exceptional standard, a distinction a very high standard, a credit a good standard, and a pass an acceptable standard.

Result name

Mark range

Description

High distinction

85 - 100

  • Completely answers the question.
  • Contains striking originality of approach or analysis.
  • Demonstrates exhaustive or innovative research (where independent research required).
  • Exceptionally well written, structured and expressed.
  • Is otherwise exceptional in some way.

Distinction

75 - 84

  • Completely answers the question.
  • Achieves a critical and evaluative approach to the issues.
  • Content and structure is well organised in support of the argument.
  • Demonstrates extensive research and analysis to support a well-documented argument.
  • Generally well expressed and free from errors.
  • Has a clear structure and is well articulated.

Credit

65 - 74

  • Covers main issues fairly well in answering the question.
  • Contains no significant errors.
  • Demonstrates an attempted critical approach to the issues.
  • Demonstrates reasonably sound research and analysis in addressing the key issues.
  • Has a clear structure and reasonably clear expression.

Pass

50 - 64

  • Identifies the key issues, but does not follow through with a reasoned argument.
  • Contains some significant errors.
  • Displays satisfactory engagement with the key issues.
  • Offers a descriptive summary of material relevant to the question.
  • Superficial use of material, and may display a tendency to paraphrase.
  • Demonstrates little evidence of in-depth research or analysis.
  • Adequate expression.
  • Overall, demonstrates the minimum level of competence in the assessment and satisfies the requirements to proceed to higher-level studies in the degree or subject area.

Fail

0 - 49

  • Does not answer the question.
  • Contains significant or numerous errors.
  • Few or no identifiable arguments.
  • Content that is inappropriate or irrelevant.
  • Lack of research or analysis.
  • Difficult or impossible to understand through poor grammar, expression or structure.
  • Overall, does not demonstrate the minimum level of competence in the assessment.

For more information see guide to grades.

Use of generative artificial intelligence (AI)

You can use generative AI tools for open assessments. Restrictions on AI use apply to secure, supervised assessments used to confirm if students have met specific learning outcomes.

Refer to the assessment table above to see if AI is allowed, for assessments in this unit and check Canvas for full instructions on assessment tasks and AI use.

If you use AI, you must always acknowledge it. Misusing AI may lead to a breach of the Academic Integrity Policy.

Visit the Current Students website for more information on AI in assessments, including details on how to acknowledge its use.

Late submission

In accordance with University policy, these penalties apply when written work is submitted after 11:59pm on the due date:

  • Deduction of 5% of the maximum mark for each calendar day after the due date.
  • After ten calendar days late, a mark of zero will be awarded.

This unit has an exception to the standard University policy or supplementary information has been provided by the unit coordinator. This information is displayed below:

The late submission of a piece of assessment, without an approved extension, will attract a penalty of 10% of the total marks available for the piece of assessment per 24 hours or part thereof, after the due time on the due date. Penalties for late submission will be applied strictly, subject to a 5 minute grace period. Late penalties do not apply to exams and tests.

Academic integrity

The University expects students to act ethically and honestly and will treat all allegations of academic integrity breaches seriously.

Our website provides information on academic integrity and the resources available to all students. This includes advice on how to avoid common breaches of academic integrity. Ensure that you have completed the Academic Honesty Education Module (AHEM) which is mandatory for all commencing coursework students

Penalties for serious breaches can significantly impact your studies and your career after graduation. It is important that you speak with your unit coordinator if you need help with completing assessments.

Visit the Current Students website for more information on AI in assessments, including details on how to acknowledge its use.

Simple extensions

If you encounter a problem submitting your work on time, you may be able to apply for an extension of five calendar days through a simple extension.  The application process will be different depending on the type of assessment and extensions cannot be granted for some assessment types like exams.

Special consideration

If exceptional circumstances mean you can’t complete an assessment, you need consideration for a longer period of time, or if you have essential commitments which impact your performance in an assessment, you may be eligible for special consideration or special arrangements.

Special consideration applications will not be affected by a simple extension application.

Using AI responsibly

Co-created with students, AI in Education includes lots of helpful examples of how students use generative AI tools to support their learning. It explains how generative AI works, the different tools available and how to use them responsibly and productively.

Support for students

The Support for Students Policy reflects the University’s commitment to supporting students in their academic journey and making the University safe for students. It is important that you read and understand this policy so that you are familiar with the range of support services available to you and understand how to engage with them.

The University uses email as its primary source of communication with students who need support under the Support for Students Policy. Make sure you check your University email regularly and respond to any communications received from the University.

Learning resources and detailed information about weekly assessment and learning activities can be accessed via Canvas. It is essential that you visit your unit of study Canvas site to ensure you are up to date with all of your tasks.

If you are having difficulties completing your studies, or are feeling unsure about your progress, we are here to help. You can access the support services offered by the University at any time:

Support and Services (including health and wellbeing services, financial support and learning support)
Course planning and administration
Meet with an Academic Adviser

WK Topic Learning activity Learning outcomes
Week -01 Development, nature and scope of public international law Self-directed learning (2 hr) LO5
Week 01 Introduction to the unit; sources of public international law Lecture (2 hr) LO1 LO5
Introduction to the unit Tutorial (1 hr) LO5
Week 02 The law of treaties Lecture (2 hr) LO1
Question 1: Sources Tutorial (1 hr) LO1 LO4 LO6
Week 03 International law and domestic law Lecture (2 hr) LO1 LO2 LO5
Question 2: Treaties Tutorial (1 hr) LO1 LO4 LO6
Week 04 Personality, statehood, self-determination Lecture (2 hr) LO3
Question 3: International law and municipal law Tutorial (1 hr) LO1 LO2 LO4 LO6
Week 05 Title to territory Lecture (2 hr) LO4
Question 4: Personality, statehood, self-determination Tutorial (1 hr) LO3 LO4 LO6
Week 06 Question 5: Title to territory Tutorial (1 hr) LO3 LO4 LO6
Week 07 State jurisdiction Lecture (2 hr) LO3
Question 6: State jurisdiction Tutorial (1 hr) LO3 LO4 LO6
Week 08 Immunity from jurisdiction I Lecture (2 hr) LO3
Question 7: Immunity from jurisdiction I Tutorial (1 hr) LO3 LO4 LO6
Week 09 Immunity from jurisdiction II Lecture (2 hr) LO3
Question 8: Immunity from jurisdiction II Tutorial (1 hr) LO3 LO4 LO6
Week 10 State responsibility I Lecture (2 hr) LO3
Question 9: State responsibility 1 Tutorial (1 hr) LO3 LO4 LO6
Week 11 State responsibility II Lecture (2 hr) LO3
Question 10: State responsibility II Tutorial (1 hr) LO3 LO4 LO6
Week 12 Use of force Lecture (2 hr) LO3
Question 11: Use of force Tutorial (1 hr) LO3 LO4 LO6
Week 13 Implementation, enforcement, accountability Lecture (2 hr) LO3
Question 12: Implementation, enforcement, accountability Tutorial (1 hr) LO3 LO4 LO5 LO6

Attendance and class requirements

Attendance: All students are required to attend 70% of classes to satisfy the pass requirements for this unit. Failure to meet this requirement will result in an Absent Fail grade being recorded as the student’s result for this unit (see The University of Sydney Law School Resolutions: Coursework Awards cl 11).  

Study commitment

Typically, there is a minimum expectation of 1.5-2 hours of student effort per week per credit point for units of study offered over a full semester. For a 6 credit point unit, this equates to roughly 120-150 hours of student effort in total.

Required readings

Emily Crawford, Alison Pert, and Ben Saul (eds), Public International Law (CUP, 2023)

Additional readings for the unit will be made available on Canvas.

Learning outcomes are what students know, understand and are able to do on completion of a unit of study. They are aligned with the University's graduate qualities and are assessed as part of the curriculum.

At the completion of this unit, you should be able to:

  • LO1. Identify and describe to an advanced level the sources of public international law, including the law of treaties, and the relationship between them.
  • LO2. Evaluate the relationship between public international law and Australian domestic law.
  • LO3. Locate, analyse and address the key rules and principles that underpin public international law.
  • LO4. Apply fundamental rules and principles of public international law in innovative ways to analyse complex real-world factual scenarios.
  • LO5. Evaluate rules and principles of public international law in light of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Peoples’ and other First Peoples’ experiences and perspectives, including with respect to the process and effects of colonisation.
  • LO6. Critically evaluate the strengths and limitations of public international law as a legal system.
  • LO7. Convey your knowledge, understanding, analysis, and evaluation of public international law clearly and logically, both orally and in writing, using plain and concise language.

Graduate qualities

The graduate qualities are the qualities and skills that all University of Sydney graduates must demonstrate on successful completion of an award course. As a future Sydney graduate, the set of qualities have been designed to equip you for the contemporary world.

GQ1 Depth of disciplinary expertise

Deep disciplinary expertise is the ability to integrate and rigorously apply knowledge, understanding and skills of a recognised discipline defined by scholarly activity, as well as familiarity with evolving practice of the discipline.

GQ2 Critical thinking and problem solving

Critical thinking and problem solving are the questioning of ideas, evidence and assumptions in order to propose and evaluate hypotheses or alternative arguments before formulating a conclusion or a solution to an identified problem.

GQ3 Oral and written communication

Effective communication, in both oral and written form, is the clear exchange of meaning in a manner that is appropriate to audience and context.

GQ4 Information and digital literacy

Information and digital literacy is the ability to locate, interpret, evaluate, manage, adapt, integrate, create and convey information using appropriate resources, tools and strategies.

GQ5 Inventiveness

Generating novel ideas and solutions.

GQ6 Cultural competence

Cultural Competence is the ability to actively, ethically, respectfully, and successfully engage across and between cultures. In the Australian context, this includes and celebrates Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures, knowledge systems, and a mature understanding of contemporary issues.

GQ7 Interdisciplinary effectiveness

Interdisciplinary effectiveness is the integration and synthesis of multiple viewpoints and practices, working effectively across disciplinary boundaries.

GQ8 Integrated professional, ethical, and personal identity

An integrated professional, ethical and personal identity is understanding the interaction between one’s personal and professional selves in an ethical context.

GQ9 Influence

Engaging others in a process, idea or vision.

Outcome map

Learning outcomes Graduate qualities
GQ1 GQ2 GQ3 GQ4 GQ5 GQ6 GQ7 GQ8 GQ9

This section outlines changes made to this unit following staff and student reviews.

The unit has been modified to embed CLO5 (Ngara).

Disclaimer

Important: the University of Sydney regularly reviews units of study and reserves the right to change the units of study available annually. To stay up to date on available study options, including unit of study details and availability, refer to the relevant handbook.

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